标签： 新上海龙凤

National Bureau of Statistics： The income level of residents has increased rapidly, and the quality of life has improved significantly.

Cctv newsAccording to the website of the National Bureau of Statistics, since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core, all localities and departments have adhered to the people-centered development idea, taken safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood as the fundamental starting point and end result of their work, conscientiously implemented the strategic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and introduced and implemented a series of policies and measures to benefit the people and enrich the people. Residents’ income has grown rapidly, their income structure has been continuously improved, the income gap between urban and rural residents has been continuously narrowed, their consumption level has been continuously improved, and their quality of life

　　1. Residents’ income grew rapidly and their income structure improved continuously.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, various regions and departments have continuously increased the implementation of the employment priority policy, and various measures to promote residents’ income growth have continued to exert their strength. Residents have shared more economic and social development dividends, residents’ income has maintained rapid growth, and the income structure has been continuously optimized.

　　(1) Residents’ income maintained a rapid growth, which was basically in sync with economic growth.

　　In 2021, the per capita disposable income of the national residents was 35,128 yuan, an increase of 18,618 yuan compared with 16,510 yuan in 2012, with a cumulative nominal growth of 112.8% and an average annual nominal growth of 8.8%. After deducting the price factor, the cumulative real growth was 78.0% and the average annual real growth was 6.6%. Residents’ income growth and economic growth are basically synchronized, 2013— In 2021, the average annual real growth rate of per capita disposable income of residents is faster than the growth rate of per capita GDP by 0.5 percentage points.

　　(2) Residents’ income sources are diversified, and the proportion of net transfer income and net property income has increased.

　　All localities and departments have effectively implemented various employment and entrepreneurship policies, continuously increased the protection of people’s livelihood, broadened the channels for increasing residents’ income through multi-pronged, continuously optimized the business environment, continuously improved the social security system, and further improved the participation and distribution mechanism of various production factors. The net income of residents’ transfer and property in China has increased rapidly, and the proportion has been increasing. In 2021, the per capita disposable income of the national residents was 6531 yuan, an increase of 139.4% compared with 2012, with an average annual increase of 10.2%, and the proportion of the per capita disposable income increased from 16.5% in 2012 to 18.6% in 2021. In 2021, the per capita net income of property was 3,076 yuan, an increase of 149.8% over 2012, with an average annual increase of 10.7%, and the proportion of per capita disposable income increased from 7.5% in 2012 to 8.8% in 2021. Residents’ wage income and net operating income maintained rapid growth. In 2021, the per capita wage income was 19,629 yuan, an increase of 109.3% over 2012, with an average annual increase of 8.6%; The per capita net operating income was 5,893 yuan, an increase of 85.8% compared with 2012, with an average annual increase of 7.1%.

　　Second, the income distribution pattern has been continuously optimized, and the income gap between residents has been continuously narrowed.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party and the government have attached great importance to the issue of income distribution and made great efforts to deepen the reform of the income distribution system. The income gap between urban and rural residents and regional residents has been continuously narrowed, and the income distribution pattern has been significantly improved.

　　(A) the gap between urban and rural areas continues to narrow, and the income ratio is declining year by year.

　　With the deepening of the rural revitalization strategy and various policies to tackle poverty, the per capita disposable income of rural residents continues to grow faster than that of urban residents. In 2021, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 47,412 yuan, an increase of 96.5% over 2012; The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 18,931 yuan, an increase of 125.7% over 2012. 2013— In 2021, the average annual income growth rate of rural residents was 1.7 percentage points faster than that of urban residents. In 2021, the ratio of per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents was 2.50 (rural residents’ income =1), which was 0.38 lower than that in 2012, and the relative income gap between urban and rural residents continued to shrink.

　　(2) The income of residents in the central and western regions has increased rapidly, and the relative income gap between regions has been narrowing.

　　With the in-depth implementation of the overall strategy of regional development, the income growth rate of residents in the central and western regions is obviously faster than that in other regions. In 2021, the per capita disposable income of residents in the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions was 44,980 yuan, 29,650 yuan, 27,798 yuan and 30,518 yuan respectively, with cumulative increases of 110.1%, 116.2%, 123.5% and 89.5% respectively, with an average annual increase of 8.6% and 8.9% compared with 2012. The average annual growth rate of residents’ income in the western region is 0.7, 0.4 and 1.9 percentage points faster than that in the eastern, central and northeastern regions respectively. The ratio of per capita income of residents in the eastern, central and northeastern regions to that in the western region (taking the income of residents in the western region as 1) will be reduced from 1.72, 1.10 and 1.30 in 2012 to 1.62, 1.07 and 1.10 in 2021 respectively.

　　Third, the consumption level of residents has been continuously improved, and the consumption structure has been continuously optimized and upgraded.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, all localities and departments have conscientiously implemented various policies and measures to expand residents’ consumption, continuously improved the consumer market environment, effectively promoted the growth of residents’ consumption, continuously improved the consumption level of urban and rural residents, and optimized and upgraded the consumption structure.

　　(A) the level of consumption has been continuously improved, and the consumption capacity has been continuously enhanced.

　　In 2021, the per capita consumption expenditure of the national residents was 24,100 yuan, an increase of 12,046 yuan compared with 12,054 yuan in 2012. The per capita consumption expenditure increased by 99.9% in nominal terms, with an average annual increase of 8.0%. After deducting the price factor, it increased by 67.4% in real terms, with an average annual increase of 5.9%. In terms of urban and rural areas, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 30,307 yuan, representing a cumulative nominal increase of 77.2% and an average annual nominal increase of 6.6% compared with 2012. After deducting the price factor, the cumulative real increase was 47.9% and the average annual real increase was 4.4%. The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 15,916 yuan, representing a cumulative nominal increase of 138.7% and an average annual nominal increase of 10.2% compared with 2012. After deducting the price factor, the cumulative real increase was 99.7% and the average annual real increase was 8.0%.

　　(B) Engel’s coefficient gradually decreased, and the quality of life continued to improve.

　　In 2021, the per capita expenditure on food, tobacco and alcohol in China was 7,178 yuan, an increase of 80.2% over 2012, with an average annual increase of 6.8%. The proportion of food, tobacco and alcohol expenditure in consumption expenditure (Engel coefficient) decreased from 33.0% in 2012 to 29.8% in 2021, a decrease of 3.2 percentage points. In terms of urban and rural areas, the per capita expenditure on food, alcohol and tobacco for urban residents was 8,678 yuan, an increase of 58.6% over 2012, with an average annual increase of 5.3%; The Engel coefficient of urban residents decreased from 32.0% in 2012 to 28.6% in 2021, a decrease of 3.4 percentage points. The per capita expenditure on food, alcohol and tobacco for rural residents was 5,200 yuan, up by 117.2% compared with 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 9.0%; The Engel coefficient of rural residents decreased from 35.9% in 2012 to 32.7% in 2021, a decrease of 3.2 percentage points. The decline of Engel’s coefficient marks the further improvement of residents’ living standards.

　　(C) The consumption structure was optimized and upgraded, and the development-oriented enjoyment consumption was increasing.

　　With the improvement of residents’ income level and the continuous expansion of consumption fields, the consumption structure of residents has been continuously optimized and upgraded, and the consumption of transportation, children’s education and medical services has grown rapidly, and the proportion of service consumption expenditure has gradually increased. In 2021, the per capita transportation and communication expenditure of the national residents was 3,156 yuan, up by 117.5% compared with 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 9.0%, which was faster than the average annual growth rate of the national per capita consumption expenditure by 1.0 percentage points, accounting for 13.1% of the per capita consumption expenditure, up by 1.1 percentage points compared with 2012. In 2021, the per capita expenditure on education, culture and entertainment of the national residents was 2,599 yuan, up by 106.0% compared with 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 8.4%, which was 0.4 percentage points faster than that of the national residents, accounting for 10.8% of the per capita consumption expenditure, up by 0.3 percentage points compared with 2012. In 2021, the per capita medical and health care expenditure of the national residents was 2115 yuan, up by 152.3% compared with 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 10.8%, which was faster than the average annual growth rate of the national per capita consumption expenditure by 2.8 percentage points, accounting for 8.8% of the per capita consumption expenditure, up by 1.8 percentage points compared with 2012. In 2021, the per capita service consumption expenditure of the national residents accounted for 44.2% of the per capita consumption expenditure, an increase of 4.5 percentage points over 2013.

　　Fourth, the quality of life of residents has continued to improve, and the living environment has improved significantly.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, with the improvement of residents’ income and consumption level, household durable consumer goods have been continuously upgraded. At the same time, the party and the state regard accelerating the construction of local infrastructure as an important carrier to improve the level of people’s livelihood security, strive to promote the equalization of basic public services, improve the coverage rate of public facilities, and improve the living environment of urban and rural residents in all directions.

　　(1) Sustained upgrading of durable consumer goods

　　With the continuous improvement of residents’ income level, the consumption power is further enhanced, and the pace of consumption upgrading is accelerated. The main durable consumer goods owned by urban and rural residents are increasing, and cars, air conditioners and mobile phones are becoming more and more popular in residents’ families. In 2021, the average number of family cars owned by urban and rural residents per 100 households was 50.1 and 30.2, increasing by 132.7% and 358.3% respectively compared with 2012; The average number of air conditioners per 100 households is 161.7 and 89.0, which are 27.5% and 250.8% higher than that in 2012, respectively. The average number of mobile phones per 100 households is 253.6 and 266.6, which are 19.3% and 34.8% higher than that in 2012, respectively. Rural residents’ basic household appliances have increased rapidly, and the convenience of life has been greatly improved. In 2021, the average number of refrigerators owned by rural residents per 100 households was 103.5, an increase of 53.8% over 2012; The average number of washing machines per 100 households was 96.1, an increase of 42.9% over 2012.

　　(B) living conditions and quality have improved significantly.

　　With the renovation of shanty towns, the construction of low-rent housing and affordable housing, and the renovation of dilapidated houses in poverty-stricken areas, the living conditions of urban and rural residents have improved significantly. In 2021, the proportion of urban and rural residents living in reinforced concrete or brick-concrete structure housing was 96.2% and 77.6%, which were 4.4 and 21.9 percentage points higher than that in 2013 respectively; The proportion of urban and rural households with safe drinking water was 99.5% and 97.0%, which were 1.5 and 22.3 percentage points higher than that in 2013, respectively. The proportion of urban and rural residents who have no difficulty in obtaining drinking water is 99.4% and 97.6%, which are 2.7 and 12.0 percentage points higher than that in 2013, respectively; The proportion of urban and rural households with piped water supply was 98.7% and 92.7%, up by 1.7 and 29.4 percentage points respectively compared with 2013.

　　In recent years, with the deepening of the rural toilet revolution and the shortcomings of rural residents’ living environment, the sanitary conditions of urban and rural residents’ toilets have improved significantly. In 2021, the proportion of households using sanitary toilets in urban and rural areas was 97.6% and 82.6%, which were 8.3 and 47.0 percentage points higher than that in 2013 respectively. The proportion of households using flush toilets in urban and rural areas was 94.9% and 67.1%, which were 8.0 and 44.9 percentage points higher than that in 2013 respectively. The proportion of urban and rural residents who use their own toilets is 97.7% and 96.8%, which is 8.0 and 4.2 percentage points higher than that in 2013.

　　(3) The living environment and quality continue to improve.

　　The coverage of the "four links" has been expanding. By 2021, the nationwide electrified communities [2] have basically achieved full coverage. The community where residents in urban areas live has basically realized all telephone calls and cable TV signals, and 99.9% of households have access to roads, an increase of 0.7 percentage points over 2013. In rural areas, 99.9%, 99.8% and 99.9% of households located in natural villages have access to telephones, cable TV signals and highways, which are 1.3, 10.6 and 1.6 percentage points higher than that in 2013.

　　In 2021, 96.6% of the drinking water in urban areas and 80.4% of the drinking water in rural areas were treated by centralized purification, which were 5.3 and 34.8 percentage points higher than that in 2013 respectively. In 2021, 99.1% of households in urban areas can be treated centrally, an increase of 3.3 percentage points over 2013; In rural areas, 95.2% of households located in natural villages can be treated centrally, which is 46.5 percentage points higher than that in 2013.

　　(D) Improve the level of medical services and education services.

　　With the deepening of the policy of integrating urban and rural medical insurance and the full implementation of the strategy of healthy China, the level of medical public services that urban and rural residents can enjoy has gradually improved. In 2021, 87.5% of households in urban areas have health stations in their communities, and 94.8% of households in rural areas have health stations in their natural villages, increasing by 7.8 and 13.2 percentage points respectively compared with 2013. The level of educational services received by urban and rural residents has improved significantly. In 2021, 99.0% of households in urban areas live in communities that can facilitate kindergartens or preschool classes, an increase of 2.3 percentage points over 2013; 99.2% of households live in communities where primary schools are convenient, an increase of 2.4 percentage points over 2013. In 2021, 90.1% of households in rural areas are located in natural villages that can facilitate kindergartens or preschool classes on the ground, an increase of 14.4 percentage points over 2013; There are 91.3% households in natural villages that can facilitate primary schools on the ground, an increase of 10.5 percentage points over 2013.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the people’s living standards and quality have made historic progress and jumped in all directions. The Party and the people have successfully achieved the first century-long struggle goal, built a well-off society in an all-round way on the land of China, and are struggling towards the second century-long struggle goal of building a socialist modernization power in an all-round way. At present, it is a long way to go to solidly promote common prosperity, consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively link with rural revitalization, and continuously improve the living standards of residents. Let us unite more closely around the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, make efforts to continuously safeguard and improve people’s livelihood in development, continuously raise the income level of residents, continuously improve the quality of life of residents, and make new and greater contributions to realizing people’s yearning for a better life and building a socialist modern power.

　　Note:

　　[1] Unless otherwise specified, the following are nominal growth.

　　[2] Community refers to neighborhood committees or communities in urban areas and natural villages in rural areas.

Arowana and hexagonal dinosaurs, which are common in the aquarium market, are actually protected animals？

Original seafood knows the species calendar

This beautiful hard-boned tongue fish in the picture has a well-known common name-Arowana. Artificially improved, it looks gorgeous and resembles the legendary dragon, so it is regarded as a feng shui fish and a lucky fish by many people. In the aquarium market, arowana is very popular, and the price of good appearance is even tens of millions.

Scleropages formosus | karelj/wikimediacommons

However, overfishing has endangered the beautiful wild hard-boned tongue fish. In the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), it is listed in Appendix I-which means that international trade in beautiful hard-boned tongue fish is prohibited unless there is special necessity. According to CITES appendix, our country also approved its wild population as a national key second-class protected animal.

So, can this kind of fish still be bought and kept? What about other animals that are common in the aquarium market?

How do you know if these fish can be raised?

In recent years, with more and more attention paid to environmental protection, many aquatic species traditionally cultivated in ornamental circles have been continuously listed in the protection list. To know which fish can be bought and sold and which fish need to be licensed, we must first determine their position in the animal list of our country.

At present, in China, the main basis for judging the level of animal protection is the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals. At the same time, the Fisheries and Fishery Administration of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has formulated a list of aquatic species protection according to the CITES appendix (full name: List of Aquatic Animals Approved as National Key Protected Wild Animals in the Appendix of CITES). In addition, there is the national "List of Three Animals" (full name "List of Terrestrial Wild Animals Beneficial to National Protection or of Important Economic and Scientific Research Value") and the list of protected animals issued by various localities in their respective jurisdictions.

The List of National Key Wildlife Protected Animals is based on the current situation of wildlife resources in China, focusing on native species in China. The list of aquatic species protection is a reference list based on the degree and level of protection of various important wild animals in the world and further combined with the current situation in China.

Red arowana also belongs to the beautiful hard-boned tongue fish | Marcel Burkhard/Wikimedia Commons.

For example, the beautiful hard-boned tongue fish mentioned above did not appear in China’s wild protection list, but appeared in the protection list approved by CITES appendix, and it was approved as a first-class protected animal in China according to CITES, and the protected object was stipulated as a wild population. In other words, the arowana from the wild is to protect wild animals, but the artificial breeding is not to protect wild animals.

After the arowana was developed as an ornamental fish, varieties such as Golden Dragon with Back and Red Dragon were derived, all of which belonged to arowana. In addition, it is also approved as a protected animal (Grade II) and its close relative, Leptospira striata (wild population only). Fortunately, the arowana raised or sold today are basically artificial populations, and we usually don’t buy arowana from wild sources.

Scleropages inscriptus is also called "Totem Arowana | Kamphol Udomritthiruj/seriouslyfish.com.

Besides Arowana, what other common aquarium creatures are famous on the list? What kind of control do they need respectively?

These fish only protect wild populations.

white cloud mountain minnow

Baiyun Jinsi is also called "Tang Fish". This kind of omnivorous fish, which originated from mountain streams in southern China, is not only bright in color and grain, but also resistant to low temperature, with good skin and low price. It is an entry-level ornamental fish for countless aquarium lovers. Baiyun gold silk has a black and silver belt running through the body, which is very beautiful with the red and yellow blocks of caudal fin and ventral fin. After years of artificial cultivation efforts, there are albino and long-fin varieties of Baiyun Gold Wire, also known as "Huanghua Baiyun Gold Wire" and "Dafan Baiyun Gold Wire".

Tanichthys albo nubes | sannse/wikimedia commons

However, due to habitat loss and other problems, the population of this cheap small fish in the wild has dropped sharply. At present, the wild white gold silk is rated as a critically endangered species by the Red List of Biodiversity in China, and its wild population is also listed as a second-class protected animal by the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals.

mullet

The freshwater mullet, also known as "Smooth sailing", was once a very common edible fish in the Yangtze River system in China. Adult mullet has a towering dorsal fin and sexy thick lips. The juvenile mullet has black and white stripes all over its body, but it turns into a ribbon running through its body in adulthood-the female adult mullet has an indistinct black ribbon, and the male ribbon turns into a crimson color, which runs through the fish’s head, making it as beautiful as rouge, hence the name.

Myxocyprinus asiaticus | Chinese academy of fishery sciences

Myxocyprinus asiaticus has a long life, and its adult body can grow to nearly 1 meter. Most of the fish raised in the ornamental fish industry are fry. The juvenile Myxocyprinus asiaticus is cute and brightly colored, and it belongs to cold-water fish without heating, which has been favored by many original fish lovers. In recent years, thanks to the breakthrough and continuous expansion of artificial breeding, more and more artificial second-generation mullet have entered the ornamental fish market at a lower price and also entered the edible fish market.

However, in recent years, due to the environmental damage and overfishing in the Yangtze River basin, the wild mullet resources have dropped sharply. In the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals, the wild population of Myxocyprinus asiaticus is listed as a second-class protected animal.

These fish, artificial and wild populations are protected.

Giant bone tongue fish

Giant bone tongue fish, alias "elephant fish", has existed on the earth since more than 100 million years ago. The adult giant tongue fish can be more than 2.5 meters in size, and the historical record can be more than 4 meters long. Even piranhas dare not provoke it easily. The giant tongue fish has super-strong scales, and its brute force is huge. It has a strong impact force and can even easily smash human bones.

Arapaima gigas | Citron/Wikimedia Commons

The giant bone tongue fish is an adult domineering fish, which can’t be kept in the ordinary aquarium, but its seedling is a favorite of many aquarium lovers. Even if it is fry, giant bone tongue fish also has a domineering swimming posture, which is shocking to eat; With the growth, the second half of the body will gradually appear red patches, and the whole body will show a light olive green metallic luster.

However, gigantosaurus belongs to Appendix II of CITES, and China has also approved it as a second-class protected animal according to CITES, and it does not distinguish between wild and artificial populations. Therefore, the artificial breeding and sale of giant bone tongue fish are treated according to the breeding and management of animals protected by the state.

Primitive sucking loach with thick lips

The thick-lipped primitive sucking loach, which originated from the mountain stream of Dayaoshan in Guangxi Province, China, has black and white markings on its larvae, which are similar to those of giant pandas and are also called "panda loach". It is popular among many people in the aquarium industry. It is not only cute, but also eats algae on rocks or heavy trees, and can also become a tool fish in a fish tank. However, raising panda loach needs to simulate an environmental model similar to its origin, so as to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water is high and the water temperature should not exceed 24℃.

Larvae of Protomyzon pachychilus | Stansung/seriouslyfish.com

The number of panda loaches in the country of origin is already small. Coupled with the influence of illegal mining and environmental pollution in the country of origin, wild panda loaches are very rare at present. It is included in the Red Book of Endangered Animals in China and listed as a second-class protected animal in the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals, and it does not distinguish between artificial and wild populations. Therefore, those who breed and sell panda loach artificially should also apply for the corresponding breeding license or approval for operation and utilization.

There are other aspects to consider.

In addition to the common species of ornamental fish introduced above, there are many species of freshwater ornamental aquatic animals listed in the protection list, including all species of salamander such as filament, Australian lungfish, pig-nosed turtle, oriental salamander, Mexican blunt-mouthed salamander (nicknamed "hexagonal dinosaur", only for wild population) and yellow-headed side-necked turtle (nicknamed

Yes, this dozen-piece pet (Mexican salamander) is almost extinct in the wild. Poke the picture to learn more | ｜Pixabay

In the seawater viewing circle, among all kinds of colorful and beautiful corals that everyone likes to raise, all species of Lithocarpus, Anthraconaceae and Amaranthaceae are also listed as protected animals in China; All species, sea turtles, seahorses, etc. of the family Lepididae belong to the protected animals stipulated by China. When you buy these marine creatures, don’t start at the sight of them. You must do your homework before you buy them.

Tubipora mica | fré dé ric du carme/wikimedia commons

In addition to whether species can be cultured, people who love to cultivate and watch aquarium creatures should also remember that it is also an important issue to properly dispose of these small creatures if they don’t want to raise them one day.

Many cultured aquatic animals are highly competitive in China’s natural waters and lack natural enemies. If they are released rashly, they will cause damage to the local ecological environment. Common species that can never be released into the natural environment include: snapping turtles, leopard-print catfish (scavengers), Procambarus clarkii (crayfish), red-tailed catfish (red-tailed cats), and finches (ghost rockets). In addition, some species, as exotic species, are likely to die due to the difference between the new environment and the origin after release. Therefore, the most sensible way is to know the origin of the species you breed, and then deal with it with the advice of professionals.

Pterygoplichthys pardalis, commonly known as "scavenger", has formed a wild population in some areas of southern China due to improper release | Ildar Sagdejev/Wikimedia Commons.

In addition, there are many ornamental aquarium creatures that have not been listed as endangered wild animals by international trade conventions or protected by legislation in China, but due to the strong demand of aquarium players, the origin of these species has been overfished. This includes many native ornamental fish in Yunnan-Guizhou region of China, many traditional ornamental fish in South America in Brazil and surrounding areas, and some freshwater fish in Southeast Asia. Many of these fish have not been artificially bred, and blind pursuit of breeding will only lead to further degradation of wild resources in their origin, so it is more appropriate to stop properly.

In the future, certification and compliance breeding will become the mainstream trend. If it is impossible to achieve legal compliance for the time being, it is also wise to give up feeding. Blind breeding of wild animal species that have been included in the protection and restriction of breeding is not only not conducive to the conservation of resources, but even brings illegal risks to itself.

summary

Generally speaking, at present, for all kinds of protected aquatic animals listed in the list, the corresponding management means and feeding requirements are mainly divided into the following situations (swipe left to view):

Alien species listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) but not listed in the List of National Key Wild Protected Animals, and marked as "suspended execution" in the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals approved by aquatic animal species in the appendix of CITES:

As long as there is a legal source certificate, it can be raised, and it is not regarded as a national key protected wild animal. The buyer and the seller do not need to apply for artificial breeding license or approval for operation and utilization (if a separate management policy has been formulated in accordance with the requirements of CITES Convention, it shall be implemented in accordance with relevant management policies). But remember, alien species should not be released and discarded at will, which may cause species invasion and endanger the local ecological environment.

Species marked as protected objects in the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals and the List of Aquatic Animals Approved as National Key Protected Wild Animals in CITES Appendix, but the protected objects are only wild populations whose artificially bred populations are not protected by the state:

Wild populations are protected according to key wild animals; For artificially bred populations, buyers and sellers need to apply for an artificial breeding license when raising them, and if they buy and sell them for the second time, they also need to apply for approval for operation and utilization. However, many animals of this kind have been artificially bred and their circulation is very common. Therefore, in the future, the country may simplify the management requirements for such animals by means of pilot artificial identification management.

Species clearly marked as protected animals in the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals and the List of Aquatic Animal Species Approved as National Key Protected Wild Animals in the Appendix of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) without distinguishing between wild and artificial populations:

Both the wild and artificial populations are managed according to the key wild protected animals. If the above species are artificially bred and sold, the corresponding breeding license or approval for operation and utilization shall be handled; For the buyer, it is also necessary to apply for a breeding license before it can be legally raised.

For the species listed in the three-name list and the key protected wild animals within the jurisdiction designated by various places, they shall be implemented according to the corresponding laws and regulations;

In many places, it is stipulated that it is still necessary to apply for the License for Artificial Breeding of Wild Animals under Non-national Key Protection (Sanyou). In addition, the species listed in the wild cannot be caught at will, and a large number of catches may involve violating the criminal law;

Animals listed in the Catalogue of Genetic Resources of Livestock and Poultry shall be managed according to the provisions of the Animal Husbandry Law and not according to the protection of animals.

Author: seafood knows

Original title: "Arowana and hexagonal dinosaurs, which are common in the aquarium market, are actually protected animals? 》

Read the original text

Before the war, Israel told the United States that protests were breaking out (photos)

Topic: Israeli bombing of Gaza Strip.


Demonstrators in Dubai held up banners with the words "Free Gaza".



Demonstrators lit roadblocks near the Israeli Embassy in Greece.



Angry protesters


　　Did you inform the United States before the war on the ground?


　　On the evening of January 3, local time, the UN Security Council failed to reach an agreement on issuing a statement calling for an immediate ceasefire between Palestine and Israel. At the same time, people in Israel, Britain, Germany, Turkey and other places held demonstrations on the 3rd, calling on Israel to stop air strikes. At present, the situation in the Middle East has become more complicated.


　　reaction


　　China strongly calls for an immediate cessation of military operations.


　　Hu Jintao and Bush are on the phone.


　　President Hu Jintao had a telephone conversation with US President Bush on the evening of 4th. When talking about the situation in the Middle East, Hu Jintao said that China is deeply concerned about the escalation of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the intensification of the turmoil in the Middle East, and is deeply worried about the humanitarian crisis in Gaza.


　　We hope that all parties concerned will immediately stop military operations and armed conflicts, promote the relaxation of the situation and create conditions for resolving disputes through political means.


　　On the 4th, Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Qin Gang answered a reporter’s question on the current situation in Gaza. Qin Gang said that China is deeply worried about the expansion of conflicts in Gaza, and strongly appeals to relevant parties to immediately stop military operations and armed conflicts, avoid more civilian casualties, and take practical measures to alleviate the humanitarian difficulties in Gaza.


　　Abortion in the middle of ceasefire agreement


　　The United Nations Security Council held an emergency meeting several hours after the Israeli army launched a ground attack on the Gaza Strip on the evening of the 3rd, but failed to reach an agreement on how to end the conflict in Gaza.


　　The agreement for an immediate ceasefire was proposed by Libya, the only Arab country in the Security Council. After Israel launched a ground attack, Libya strongly appealed to all parties to "follow the ceasefire agreement". Due to the obstruction of the United States in this closed-door meeting, this ceasefire agreement was aborted.


　　Hamas accuses the United States of manipulating the Security Council. Fazi Barhoum, a spokesman for Hamas, said that this "farce" in the Security Council shows how much control the United States and Israelis have over the Security Council. Abbas, president of the Palestinian National Authority, said that the Israeli invasion would have "serious consequences" for the situation in the Middle East.


　　Tell the United States before the war on the ground


　　According to American media reports, a few hours before launching the ground offensive against Gaza, Israel informed Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the United States, of the ground combat action plan.


　　The White House said that Bush had listened to the report on Israel’s military action, and American officials kept close contact with Israeli, Middle Eastern and European officials. However, the White House spokesman did not respond to whether this matter was true or not. On the afternoon of the Israeli ground attack, US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice also held a press conference on Bush’s views on the situation in Gaza. US President-elect Barack Obama, who is still two weeks away from his official inauguration, has yet to respond to the Israeli military action.


　　There are different reactions within the EU.


　　Reactions within the European Union to the latest developments in the situation in Gaza vary widely. The Czech Republic, which holds the rotating presidency of the European Union, said that the EU believes that the Israeli invasion of Gaza is a "defensive act, not an offensive act". Contrary to what the Czech side said, the French Foreign Ministry condemned the entry of Israeli ground troops into the Gaza, saying that this dangerous escalation of Israeli military operations hindered the efforts of the European Union, France, the Quartet on Middle East issues and neighboring countries to promote peace. David Miliband, the British foreign secretary, is relatively cautious in his wording, but he also believes that ground attacks will lead to vigilance and fear. He called for a ceasefire as soon as possible. A delegation from Germany, Britain and France began to travel to the conflict zone on the 4th, while French President Nicolas Sarkozy is expected to travel to the Middle East for mediation on the 5th.

Mazda EZ-6 may start pre-sale at the Tianjin Auto Show

A few days ago, we learned that the Mazda EZ-6 will be pre-sold at the Tianjin Auto Show on September 28. The new car is positioned as a medium-sized car, built on the Changan EPA hybrid platform, and is compatible with pure electric and range-extending power.

Autohome

In terms of appearance, the new car adopts a large-sized front grille and a lattice-type middle grid structure. The headlight groups on both sides are designed with narrow and long light groups. The front surround has a black panel integrated with the front grille, and there are longitudinal ventilation openings on both sides. Below is a heat dissipation hole design with active grille function. In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the new car are 4921/1890/1485mm respectively, and the wheelbase is 2895mm.

The 5th Jackie Chan International Action Film Week, director Tsui Hark served as the chairperson of the jury

1905 movie network news The fifth Jackie Chan International Action Film Week, co-sponsored by the Movie Channel Program Center, the Datong Municipal People’s Government, and Jackie Chan International Group, will be held in Datong City, Shanxi Province from July 21 to 27. Recently, the fifth Jackie Chan International Action Film Week officially announced the list of jurors.


Among them, the Chinese director Tsui Hark will serve as the chairperson of the jury, and the Russian director Sergei Podlov, the New Zealand director Martin Campbell, the Canadian director Paul Haggis, the Japanese actor Katsuaki Kurata, the Thai director Prakia Pingkeyao, and the Chinese actor Xu Fan will serve as the jury members.



This year’s jury is full of stars and weight, which highlights the "international" and "action" characteristics of Jackie Chan International Action Film Week, but also does not lose the literary and artistic quality. The seven jury members come from four continents and six countries, fully demonstrating the multicultural vision, and will surely reflect the international tolerance and connection under the evaluation system that is more in line with the international mainstream film festival. Led by the unique action film master Tsui Hark, four action film directors and action actors, Sergei Podelov, Martin Campbell, Paul Haggis and Prakia Pinkeyao, will professionally review each action film shortlisted for the competition and every action filmmaker involved. Our country’s famous actor Xu Fan has participated in action movies starring Jackie Chan, and she will also introduce a more emotional and artistic perspective of the performance itself for the selection.



It is reported that the "Iron Man" honor selection, which is an important main activity of the 5th Jackie Chan International Action Film Week, will determine various honors after the selection and discussion of the jury. A total of 8 "Main Honor Unit" honors, including Best Action Film Honors, Best Action Film Director Honors, Best Action Actor Honors, Best Action Actress Honors, Best Action Direction Honors, Best Cinematography Honors, Best Editing Honors, and Best Art Design Honors, will be announced at the closing ceremony and honor ceremony of the 5th Jackie Chan International Action Film Week on July 27.


Judge style



Famous Chinese director and producer. In his early years, he stood out from the film industry with his unique style and skilful skills. After directing many film classics such as series, he also supervised many well-known film works such as series and series. In 2009, his directing works were shortlisted for the competition section of the 67th Venice Film Festival, and later swept a number of Chinese film awards including the Best Director Award at the 30th Hong Kong Film Awards. Since then, his works have frequently created brilliance in terms of technology and achievement: in 2011, it became China’s first IMAX 3D film; in 2013, it innovatively introduced underwater 3D technology; in 2014, it won the New Year’s box office championship with good reputation, and won many awards including the Best Director Award at the 35th Hong Kong Film Awards; in 2017 and 2018, "Di Renjie’s Four Heavenly Kings" won praise such as "Wonders of Chinese Film" for their excellent visual effects.



A famous Russian film director, writer, and producer, widely regarded as the most prestigious filmmaker in Russia. His films have won many awards around the world. Among them, his most famous films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and have been successfully distributed in 61 countries. His masterpieces also include "Captive of the Caucasus", which was also nominated for an Academy Award, and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award.



New Zealand’s renowned director and producer, who specializes in giving action movies a new form. His directorial masterpiece not only won Oscar and Golden Globe nominations for Best Picture, but also helped Antonio Banderas and Catherine Zeta Jones become true international superstars. He directed "007: Golden Eye", which is widely regarded as the rebirth of the James Bond series, and first chose Pierce Brosnan to star in 007. In addition, another 007 series of action-adventure films directed by him is also the first film in the series to be introduced to Chinese mainland theaters. In 2017, his action film based on the novel was released globally, starring Jackie Chan and Pierce Brosnan.



Canadian writer, director, producer, two-time Oscar winner, two-time Emmy winner, and seven-time Gemini winner. He was nominated for an Academy Award for screenplay for three consecutive years for his film "Letters from Iwo Jima" and won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for "Crash". In addition, "Crash" also won him the current Academy Award for Best Picture. In addition, he has also participated in the screenwriting of many action movies such as "007: Casino Royale", and has written and directed many other films.



Japanese action movie actor, karate seventh dan, judo third dan, aikido second dan, is a true kung fu master. He officially joined the film industry in 1968. Since he starred in Chinese movies in 1971, he has starred in many Hong Kong action movies, worked with director Zhang Che and martial arts stars Chen Guantai, Liang Xiaolong, etc., and knows Mandarin and Cantonese. In the 1990s, he starred in the classic action movie "The Chinese Man". Since 2000, his performance has been representative. In 2007, he won the Best Action Actor of the Chinese Kung Fu Global Festival, and won the Best Actor of the 24th Hong Kong Film Critics Society Award for the role of Vice-General Xiong Ze in the movie "Dango", becoming the first Japanese best actor and the oldest winner of the award.



One of the most famous action film directors in Thailand and Asia, the director’s masterpieces include many others. In his works, all the action scenes are real people, without using any digital special effects, to show the power of Muay Thai to the fullest. Tony Jia became known to global audiences for his work and became a world-renowned action film superstar. In 2003, he directed "Boxer", which became the highest-grossing Thai film of the year and caused a worldwide sensation.



A famous Chinese actor who has developed in many fields such as film, drama, and television. Her film representative works include, among others, the Outstanding Actress Award at the 5th and 14th China Film Huabiao Awards, the Best Actress Award at the 5th Asian Film Awards, the Best Actress Award at the 24th Cairo International Film Festival, and the Best Actress Award at the 6th British Wanxiang International Chinese Film Festival; her representative drama works include "Wotou Guild Hall", etc., which has won the 13th "Plum Blossom Award" and the 6th "Wenhua Award" of the Ministry of Culture; her TV drama representative works include "Sunrise" and "Tsing Yi", etc., and Zeng won the Outstanding Actress Award at the 23rd China TV Drama Feitian Award.


China Consumers Association： Online car-hailing platforms should blacklist drivers with harassment and other behaviors

　　China News Service, May 22, according to the website of the China Consumers Association, on May 22, the China Consumers Association held a symposium in Beijing to promote safe consumption of online car-hailing. The China Consumers Association called for strengthening information protection to ensure consumer safety. It should not be at the expense of personal information security. It should not increase the burden and responsibility of consumers in the name of ensuring safety. The China Consumers Association requires online car-hailing platform operators to assume the responsibility of the first person responsible for protecting consumer rights and interests in accordance with the law, strengthen complaint handling, and blacklist drivers who have harassed and violent behavior, and adopt zero tolerance.

　　The online car-hailing industry has recently experienced a number of vicious incidents that violate consumer safety, which has attracted widespread attention from the society. On May 22, the China Consumers Association held a symposium on promoting safe consumption of online car-hailing in Beijing. The conference promoted the implementation of legal obligations and responsibilities of online car-hailing platform operators by introducing the main issues reported by consumers, discussing the operators of online car-hailing platforms, legal analysis by experts and lawyers, strengthening self-discipline by industry organizations, and expressing opinions by the Consumer Association. It called for strengthening the supervision of online car-hailing and ride-sharing behaviors, promoting the improvement of legislation and regulations on online transactions, and better protecting the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.

　　At the symposium, the China Consumers Association introduced the public opinion report and consumer complaints on the safe consumption of online car-hailing services. The main opinions of consumers on online car-hailing services include that the driver and vehicle information provided by the platform are inconsistent with the actual situation, the driver’s attitude is not friendly, the driver damages consumer property, the driver and the consumer have violent conflicts, the platform does not handle consumer complaints in a timely manner, and the driver detours and charges more, fails to comply with the agreement, and arbitrarily cancels the order.

　　Didi, Shouqi Car-hailing, Shenzhou Youche, BAIC Group, Yidao, Ctrip and other online car-hailing platform operators introduced the business types, audit management, operation status of their respective platforms, measures to ensure consumer safety, and handling of consumer complaints. Heads of relevant enterprises and representatives of industry organizations said that they will take measures to strengthen self-discipline and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers in response to the problems existing in the field of online car-hailing.

　　Experts, lawyers according to the current laws and regulations, from the network audit, legal operation, contents of the contract, security, information protection, complaint handling, responsibility and other aspects of the in-depth analysis, pointed out that the network about the car industry is not extrajudicial land, platform operators themselves have legal obligations, such as non-performance or performance is not in place, should bear the corresponding responsibility.

　　The China Consumers Association pointed out that the right to safety is the first right of consumers, and ensuring consumer safety is the legal obligation of operators. The China Consumers Association requires online ride-hailing platform operators to effectively implement their legal obligations and assume the responsibility of the first person responsible for protecting the rights and interests of consumers in accordance with the law:

　　- Strengthen online access audits. Effective measures must be taken to strengthen the review and control of vehicles and drivers. In order to ensure public safety, for online booking vehicle services of various formats, standard and consistent review requirements should be adopted for drivers’ driving experience, traffic liability accidents, violent criminal records, etc., and strict verification should be carried out to strictly control personnel access and prevent safety risks.

　　- Strengthen safety management. It is necessary to effectively strengthen legal training and safety education for drivers, standardize service behavior, and improve service levels; it is necessary to effectively eliminate "vests" and ensure that the appointments of vehicles and drivers are consistent with reality; it is necessary to earnestly fulfill the duty of care, stop ride-sharing and ride-sharing services that do not meet the requirements, and put an end to illegal operations; it is necessary to effectively strengthen supervision and inspection to enhance drivers’ awareness of law-abiding and safe operation; it is necessary to effectively promote professional ethics, encourage drivers to take social responsibility, and protect consumers’ personal and property safety.

　　- Strengthen contract warnings. It is necessary to fairly formulate and provide standard terms, determine the rights and obligations between platforms, drivers, and consumers in accordance with the law, and highlight in a significant way the content that has a significant interest in consumers, especially safety precautions and risk warnings, after-sales services, civil liability, etc., shall not make unfair or unreasonable provisions on consumers, and shall not use standard terms and use technical means to force transactions.

　　- Strengthen information protection. It is necessary to collect and use consumers’ personal information in accordance with the law, strictly control the scope of collection, strictly fulfill confidentiality obligations, and strictly prevent information leakage. It is not allowed to disclose, sell or illegally provide consumers’ personal information to others through evaluation, sharing, etc. Where information leakage or loss occurs or may occur, remedial measures should be taken immediately. There are various technical means. To ensure consumer safety cannot be at the expense of personal information security, and consumers should not increase their burden and responsibility in the name of security.

　　- Strengthen the handling of complaints. It is necessary to attach great importance to consumer complaints, strictly screen the situation of drivers being sued, and eliminate safety hazards in a timely manner. Drivers who are harassing or violent should be blacklisted, and zero tolerance should be adopted to prevent follow-up services from endangering public safety. For acts that damage consumer property, compensation and disciplinary measures should be formulated to prevent similar acts from happening again. For acts that violate consumers’ personal information, it is necessary to resolutely stop and correct, and take immediate remedial measures. For drivers who have been sued many times, it is necessary to distinguish the situation and strengthen credit punishment, limit the number of orders received, and implement effective management.

　　In light of the "E-commerce Law" being formulated, the China Consumers Association calls on the legislature to further clarify and refine the relevant provisions for e-commerce platform operators, strengthen consumer protection, and prevent e-commerce platform operators from evading their obligations and responsibilities and harming the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.

　　In addition, the China Consumers Association recommends that the government and relevant departments: First, further improve the standardized management of various types of online booking vehicle services, make clearer and unified regulations on key issues related to consumer safety, and focus on specific implementation; second, strengthen the development of online car-hailing industry standards, data monitoring, service supervision, risk management and control, to better protect the safety rights and interests of consumers.

　　The Consumer Association reminds consumers that when accepting online car-hailing services, they should pay attention to the safety of personal, property and personal information, pay attention to checking the consistency of online reservations and offline real-time vehicles and drivers, pay attention to preserving relevant evidence, and promptly complain and report problems. Together, we should strengthen social supervision and promote safer and more standardized online car-hailing services.

Internet use for minors： from entertainment to entertaining.

　　On February 27th, 2023, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Overall Layout Plan of Digital China Construction (hereinafter referred to as "the Plan"). The Plan points out that speeding up the construction of digital China is of great significance and far-reaching influence on building a socialist mo dern country and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way. The Plan also points out that it is necessary to strengthe n the supply of high-quality online cultural products, guide various platforms and netizens to create and produce positive, healthy and upward-oriented online cultural products, and further promote the digital development of culture and implement the national cultural digital strategy. Teenagers are the vanguard force to realiz e the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the new force to achieve the goal of the second century and build a socialist modern power, and they can’t be absent from the overall layout of the construction of digital China. It is one of the core essentials of the construction of digital China to let minors enjoy the universal and convenient digital culture and get high-quality development in the digital society.

　　According to the "Research Report on Internet Use of Minors in China in 2021" (hereinafter referred to as "Report") issued by the Central Rights and Interests Department of the Communist Youth League and China Internet Information Center, the top five online use behaviors of minors are online learning (88.9%), listening to music (63.0%), playing games (62.3%) and chatting (53.4%). It can be seen that minors mainly use the Internet for learning and entertainment, especially through the Internet. According to the report, nearly 40% of minors learn extracurricular knowledge through the internet, and more than 70% think that the internet is helpful for learning. This shows that the internet use of minors is gradually changing from "toys" to "tools" and from entertainment to knowledge.

　　Karl Mannheim, a German sociologist, believes that knowledge is characterized by openness and mobility in the process of modern society. The knowledge of short video platform broke the kn owledge barrier, changed the linear and self-contained characteristics in the past, and showed the characteristics of networking and knowledge sharing. Through the reorganization and transformation of knowledge, it creates a learning space and platform with diverse contents and rich forms for people, which makes the boundary of knowledge learning in the digital age more extended and integrated, and serves the minors and provides them with an important channel to broaden their horizons and increase their knowledge. The short video is visual, scene-oriented and practical, which is more in line with the cognitive law of minors. Therefore, the Report also shows that nearly half of minors study through short video platforms. Among them, 34.0% are primary school students, 61.8% are junior high school students, 65.1% are senior high school students and 64.7% are secondary vocational school students. It can be seen that the proportion of minors over 12 years o ld who are exposed to short videos is higher. Minors watch short videos of learning knowledge such as exam counseling and classroom knowledge, accounting for nearly 40%, and watch short videos of interest knowledge such as piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, historical geography, sports and dance, and watch short videos of leisure knowledge such as tourism and food, accounting for nearly half. Moreover, short video platforms such as Tik Tok have also become the main channels for minors to expand their cognition.

　　Facing the brand-new learning style of minors in the digital age, how to use short videos scientifically and reasonably has become a new topic for family rearing and school education in the digital age. Some parents worry that their children are addicted to short videos, but psychological research believes that addictive behavior needs six elements: goal, feedback, progress, challenge, suspense and socialization. That is to say, users are more likely to be addicted if there are six elements in the process of using a product: having a goal, getting feedback in time, getting rewards frequently, constantly encountering new challenges, uncertain results and having social attributes. Moreover, whether it is addictive or not is closely related to the user’s living conditions, psychological conditions, interpersonal relationships and family upbringing. Although short videos have increased people’s sensory experience more comprehensively than words or pictures, they also have social and entertainment attributes, but they do not have these six elements at the same time. The shortcomings of the short video platform, which mainly transmits information, in constructing a new field of knowledge learning are mainly the homogenization of content and the diversification of value. Parents, teachers and other adults should help minors to make good use of the knowledge resources of short video platforms, so that children can enjoy high-quality digital culture through entertaining. Short video is rich in content, diverse in forms, strong in story, short and pithy, and it is more convenient to "brush the screen" in free leisure time, so it has also become people’s leisure products. In order to better transform its entertainment into education and fully integrate entertainment and ed ucation, adults need to have high digital literacy.Give more practical help and guidance to minors.

　　Parents and teachers should empower minors and create a digital environment suitable for their development. At the World Digital Education Conference h eld in February 2023, the Ministry of Education issued "Teachers’ Digital Literacy", requiring teachers to make good use of digital education resources to guide students’ learning. Similarly, parents also urgently need to improve their digital literacy, enhance their digital thinking, digital cognition and digital skills, and make good use of the digital cultural resources of the Internet platform with their children to develop a green and intelligent lifestyle. Parents and teachers should pay special attention to the following relationships in order to make children benefit from opening books to opening screens, and from simple entertainment to entertaining:

　　Balance online life and offline life. The development of the Internet has increased the inclusiveness of knowledge and brought new learning experiences and knowledge acquisition channels to children. Parents and teachers should pay special attention to guiding children to balance online life and offli ne life. We should not only pay attention to enriching children’s online life, so that children can live a quality digital life, but also pay attention to children’s offline leisure, social, family life and campus life, so that children can have a healthy and positive offline life, which is more conducive to children’s online life and offline practice.

　　Balance entertainment and education. Knowledge in the visual and interesting packaging of short videos makes children feel more interesting and easier to learn. However, in the eyes of many parents and teachers, they always feel "unlike" learning, because in the eyes of adults, they should "learn from the sea and work hard." As the children of the Internet aborigines, it seems that fun is the last word. Parents and teachers should pay attention to balance the relationship between the two, not only to meet the needs of the network generation for learning change, so that children can gain a sense of participation and belonging in their studies, but also to increase education in entertainment, so that children will not get lost in the network in joy, thus dispelling the "heavy feeling" of learning.

　　Balance short and systematic. Shortness is both an advantage and a disadvantage of short video. Short knowledge is more convenient for students to watc h and more suitable for children’s short attention time. However, learning knowledge also needs to be systematized, so as to avoid "the blind touch the elephant". Parents and teachers should make good use of their advantages, and at the same time, they should consciously guide their children to build the knowledge system they need, and conduct multi-dimensional and multi-level discussions around a certain topic and a certain kind of problems, so that children can overcome the problems brought by short video learning.

　　Balance child practice and child protection. The barrage, comments and live broadcast of short videos are more interactive, which is also a "double-edged sword". The advantage is that children have more opportunities to participate, think and interact when learning online, but the problem is that it may also bring risks to minors. Therefore, we should not only encourage minors to participate in more practice, but also do a good job in protecting the rights and interests of minors. In particular, parents and teachers need to enhance their awareness of child protection, improve their digital literacy and that of minors, so that every child can enjoy the fun of knowledge learning.

　　Text/Sun Hongyan

　　(Director, Institute of Children and Adolescents, China Youth Research Center)

Observation variety： Although the story is good-looking, don’t lose the sense of reality.

　　Hu Xiang

　　Recently, observation variety shows have become more and more popular. In the second season of "Exciting offer", the camera is aimed at the legal elites who have just entered the workplace, showing their process of upgrading and cracking monsters, from youth to maturity. Under the same roof, the observed people are a group of strange young people who live together in an apartment. The program hits the pain point that young people are too busy to socialize, can’t socialize, and dare not socialize, causing heated discussion. Why does this vertically subdivided observation variety show repeatedly break the circle? This is related to their omniscient and omnipotent perspective of God and the constant self-evolution of internal narrative.

　　Two-layer narrative theory and web synthesis version 2.0

　　Genette, a structuralist narrator, put forward a double-layer narrative theory. This division theory holds that the first narrative of literary works is an external story, which focuses on presenting the whole work; The second layer is internal narrative, focusing on sharing internal stories. Therefore, the double-layer narrative structure can be divided into internal and external narrative perspectives. The external perspective focuses on explaining the narrative from the internal perspective, while the internal perspective focuses on strengthening the authenticity of the story and promoting the plot development. This theory is suitable for observing variety shows. The internal narrative is the story of the observed object, and the external narrative is the off-site comments of the star guests. Internal narrative is responsible for creating suspense and conflict, while external narrative is a discussion field of values, which complement each other and advance together. This is forming a relatively fixed variety show mode, which is constantly evolving.

　　From its development history, such programs as My Boy, My Daughter and My Wife’s Romantic Travel can be called Version 1.0, which is characterized by taking stars as the observation objects and mainly satisfying the audience’s interest in the personal life of stars. However, the second season of Exciting offer and Under One Roof are version 2.0. The observed objects are amateurs, and the observation tentacles also extend from single interpersonal relationship to a broader workplace and social field, with further innovation in narrative, and the biggest feature is to strengthen its storytelling.

　　With the advent of the Internet age, storytelling has been promoted to a great extent, and the principle of "content is king" has become more prominent. In order to satisfy the audience’s thirst for stories, platforms and creators have almost racked their brains, whether they are long videos, medium videos or short videos, they are all pursuing a sense of story. Hot pot dramas, dinner dramas and interactive dramas emerge one after another, and variety shows follow the trend and embark on the track of storytelling.

　　For example, "Under One Roof" is a true record of social stories of six strangers in a closed space on the surface, but it is actually an idol drama-style narrative. With the plot of the variety show, the characters’ behavior can also see the shadow of the script behind them, which is more dramatic on the whole. This is no longer a pure record approaching the truth of life, but more like a dramatic performance purified in life, which makes people feel a sense of being difficult to distinguish between true and false.

　　The editing techniques in the second season of "Exciting offer" follow the rhythm of legal drama. Many people lament that Li Jinye is like He Yichen himself in "How to Shengxiao Mo", and the audience has a strong empathy with the characters. Some people think that story telling is a cognitive game, which can exercise our minds and let us simulate the world around us and imagine different strategies, especially in social scenes. The audience can also feel the pursuit of drama when watching variety shows, which is the charm brought by storytelling.

　　Inversion, Story Sense and God’s Perspective

　　The original intention of Under One Roof is to simulate a social scene and solve the social emotional needs of young people in the current fast-paced urban life. The characters selected in the program are very representative, including Liu Keli, a young boss who is busy starting a business, Li Hsing, a moat brother who realizes financial freedom, Chu Mengna who pursues the dream of an actor, and Wang Tianqi, a migrant worker who works in a fashion shop. At the beginning of the program, Liu Keli’s overbearing president’s manner, Wang Tianqi and Chu Mengna’s fireworks at street food stalls, and the mysterious e-sports professionals’ daily life were all the highlights that attracted people’s attention, because they all had a dual effect of being both real and dramatic. In particular, Wang Tianqi’s identity as a "rich second generation" from an idle worker was completely in line with the imagination of drama reversal, and the "between Li Hsing and Liu Keli and Chen Liuming" Therefore, "Under One Roof" is essentially a genre-based narrative of idol drama. In a space, it is in contact with young people from almost all walks of life and all walks of life, temporarily getting rid of the shackles of mediocre life, and seems to restart life and have a sense of fantasy.

　　In contrast, the second season of "Exciting offer" is more realistic. This season, the assessment mechanism of interns is more cruel, and the "kicking the pavilion" link is introduced, and two interns with relatively backward performance are really eliminated. Interns have also gone through legal negotiation, public welfare legal aid, investigation and evidence collection, 1V1 debate and mock trial trial. Every time, their tasks are getting heavier, and "involution" is becoming more and more intense. In particular, Hui Ding’s internship in naked resignation in pursuit of a lawyer’s dream has been dubbed "Bei Shuihui", which is regarded by netizens as a portrayal of migrant workers’ workplace, thus attracting a lot of attention. "Bei Shuihui" was "at the bottom" from the beginning of the interview to the first project task, and from the second debate began to counterattack, resulting in a sense of gap. Wang Xiao, known as "Sister Wang", took the initiative to break the aura of famous schools from the "favored son of heaven" who graduated from Stanford Law School, and the gradual mature transformation also made people feel emotional. Another example is Qiu Yi’s "slow fever" from the beginning, and her bold decision in the negotiations later made people look at each other with new eyes.

　　The program group just grasped the details of these changes and created a sense of story through "conscious" editing, as if letting the audience watch an eye-catching and thrilling legal industry drama. At the same time, with the advancement of the program, interns need to peel off the cold texture of legal provisions, personally explore the strong collision impact between human feelings and jurisprudence, reality and dreams in the society, feel the sense of powerlessness brought about by hard reality crushing in tears and loss, and regain their confidence and shine with the encouragement and help of teachers and friends. As robert mckee said in The Story, the story is not an escape from reality, but a carrier that carries us to pursue reality and try our best to dig out the true meaning of chaotic life.

　　In addition, the guest comments on the observation variety show ostensibly provide God’s perspective, which is actually an important part of building a sense of story. The internal narrative of the observation variety is very similar to the phantom on the wall in the cave described by Plato in the Republic. It is a simulation of reality and has always been separated from reality. Guest comment time is like the role of bringing cave people into the real world. The lights are on and all the discussions are held in the sun. Moreover, when the guests expressed their views, they provided many stories with their own life experiences, including positive and negative experiences and lessons. For example, if you should take the co-pilot when accompanying the leader in the car, and how to break the social deadlock when you first enter the workplace, guests can often provide a more mature value concept. Many netizens said on the barrage that "get new skills", which is also a shortcut to "exercise your mind". Through the blending of internal and external narratives, it reflects the broad social reality, and promotes the story from the internal perspective to the output of values from the external perspective. This is the secret of the advanced narrative expression of observation variety.

　　The reality show was made into an idol drama?

　　Human beings’ pursuit of stories is eternal, and it is understandable that observation variety shows strengthen the sense of stories, but this will easily lead to the paradox of authenticity. The biggest feature of observation variety is truth, especially now the observation variety which is mainly amateur has become an important direction, that is, to tell more stories of ordinary people, but like Under the Same Roof, it really walks between reality and fiction. On the one hand, I want to create the texture of real life, on the other hand, especially in the second half of the program, the sense of plot design is becoming more and more obvious.

　　For example, after Wang Tianqi and Chu Mengna went to the movies on a rainy day, they quarreled emotionally. Mona complained that Wang Tianqi was not considerate enough to cry, and the close-up shots in lines and actions were skillfully switched, and the sensational music was followed up in time. It was simply a replica of the idol drama around 2000, and the barrage was full of spit.

　　For another example, Wu Jiawen and Li Hsing have been having an affair for a long time, but suddenly they turned him down on the grounds that she likes people with a sense of youth. In the next issue of the program, a 20-year-old basketball player who is 1.9 meters tall and full of a sense of youth immediately appeared, and they had a "love triangle". No wonder netizens think that Wu Jiawen is a "tool person" and the program has thus become a "blind date program". If the hypothetical sense of drama is not well grasped, the realism created by the whole program will be greatly reduced, which will hurt the quality of the program.

　　Since the development of network observation variety, it has formed a stable expression paradigm and established its own advantages, especially its keen capture of young people’s lives, lively and free expression and moderate storytelling, which have deeply attracted young audiences. In fact, some traditional TVs are learning this mode now, but they have not learned the characteristics of networking, which leads to the good values of the program, but the communication effect is not satisfactory.

　　In the future, network variety shows must understand the double-edged sword of "truth and hypothesis", try to extend the tentacles of observation into the varied society and describe the style of the times, so as to observe the truth, taste and wisdom.