Novelty short video hidden security risks experts remind： parents and young children carefully imitate!

　　Recently, the news that "a girl imitated a short video to make popcorn with cans and died of severe burns" has made countless people feel sorry. In the past few days, the reporter found in the interview that short video social platforms such as Tik Tok are full of difficult movements and "big stomach king" challenges in order to attract eyeballs and attract traffic, and the novel content has attracted many young children and even parents to follow suit. In this regard, experts said that blindly imitating these video contents has great health and safety hazards and may even endanger life.

　　Video chaos

　　Difficult movements and "big stomach king" are very eye-catching

　　Parents carry their children to do flip and suspension activities, which may cause subluxation of their radial capitulum; On the other hand, children’s skin abrasions, soft tissue contusions and even fractures are caused by parents’ abandonment. Recently, doctors often encounter similar cases in the outpatient and emergency departments of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics. Surprisingly, some children were injured, which was actually caused by parents imitating difficult movements in short videos.

　　Parents and children stand face to face, and the children bend forward and extend their hands backward from their legs. Parents hold their children’s hands and turn them over 360 degrees, then hold them back in their arms … … The reporter found that in Tik Tok and other platforms, there are many short parent-child videos that are difficult to flip like this. Although some parents will put a cushion under their children in advance, the whole action still looks very thrilling. Earlier, it was reported that a foreign father imitated the difficult action of carrying his child to somersault in the vibrato video, and accidentally injured his two-year-old daughter, causing the child’s spinal cord damage.

　　In the short video, many people incarnate as "Spider-Man", supporting the walls on both sides with their limbs and crawling up and down without any protective measures. In a vibrato video, a four-or five-year-old boy climbed nearly 2 meters with his bare hands at the entrance of the living room.

　　In addition to dangerous actions, there is also a short video of the "big stomach king" challenge, which is highly sought after by the public. In this kind of video, the protagonist usually attracts attention by eating, and sometimes he will cooperate with the merchants to promise rewards. It is similar to "Eating a big hamburger weighing 4 kg in 20 minutes is free of charge" and "Challenge 30 sets of fat cows to win 2000 yuan in 30 minutes".

　　A delicious food named "Langweixian" is very popular in Tik Tok from the media. He has more than 30 million fans, most of whom are young people, including many primary and secondary school students. "Langweixian" not only has an amazing appetite, but also eats very fast. In his top video, it took him only 10 seconds to finish a 1.25-liter Coca-Cola. The comments are full of "awesome" and "awesome", and some young people also say "I can do this", and some people are eager to inquire about the restaurant address.

　　So, are those "big eaters" in Tik Tok true or false? Some professionals have analyzed that some big stomach kings can really eat, but after eating, they often "digest" food by vomiting. Some people will take advantage of people’s visual errors, and it seems that there are many dishes in front of them, but in fact the bowls are very small, or some videos are simply edited after being shot several times.

　　Doctor’s point of view

　　Dangerous actions can cause permanent injury.

　　"Some actions in the short video are very dangerous!" Ren Gang, an attending physician in orthopedics at the Children’s Hospital affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, said that once problems occur, soft tissue contusion, ligament rupture, tear and fracture are easy to occur; Seriously, it may also cause spinal fracture and even spinal cord injury. For example, some parents carry their children to do forward somersaults and back somersaults. If they accidentally get rid of them, their children will land on their heads first, and it is easy to have cervical dislocation or even fracture.

　　"The spinal cord is in the middle of the vertebral canal, and the cervical vertebra protects the spinal cord like a tube-like sleeve." Ren Gang said, "When the vertebral body is misaligned or excessively bent, it will cause damage to the spinal cord. Among them, slight spinal cord injury will cause spinal cord concussion, and patients may have temporary paralysis; Serious damage to the spinal cord can be irreversible and permanent, resulting in paralysis and even life-threatening.

　　In addition, when people imitate dangerous actions such as somersault and rotation, if they accidentally land their heads, it is likely to cause intracranial hemorrhage, which will be life-threatening.

　　Ren Gang said that teenagers and children are more vulnerable because they have not formed a complete awareness of safety protection. When they do some actions, they can’t judge what potential dangers need to be guarded against. He reminded parents that they must strengthen their safety awareness and educate their children to identify dangers, and never imitate dangerous actions popular in short videos.

　　Will the extreme diet challenge do harm to human health? The answer is yes, and the first ones are acute gastroenteritis and indigestion. Ning Huijuan, deputy chief physician of the Department of Gastroenterology of the First Children’s Institute, said that after food enters the stomach, it is fully mixed with gastric juice, and protein will be partially decomposed by pepsin in the stomach. If food enters the stomach too quickly and too much, there will be indigestion caused by relatively insufficient gastric juice. In addition, gastric juice contains high concentration of gastric acid, which can kill the bacteria that enter the stomach with food and water. If you eat too fast, the bacteria cannot be completely killed, and there will be symptoms of acute gastroenteritis such as fever, vomiting and diarrhea, and even lead to gastric bleeding.

　　Moreover, overeating, especially eating too much greasy food at one time, can stimulate excessive secretion of pancreatic juice, make the pancreas digest itself, and cause the attack of acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis may cause severe abdominal pain, and severe pancreatitis may also cause shock and even multiple organ failure, with a mortality rate as high as 5%. "It is particularly important to note that the development of gastric smooth muscle in children is not perfect. Eating a lot will suddenly overfill the stomach, cause gastric dilatation, continue to develop the disease, and also cause gastric ulcer and gastric perforation." Ning Huijuan said.

　　Lawyer reminds

　　Minors who are injured after imitation are responsible for uploading and broadcasting.

　　Talking about the legal issues of dangerous behaviors in short video platforms such as Tik Tok, Zhang Guang, a consultant from deheng law offices, said that at present, minors can browse related video content as visitors on some short video platforms without registering their identity information. Because minors are immature and lack the ability of self-discrimination, they are likely to imitate and learn when watching videos. Then, once they do harm to their health, both video uploaders and Internet platforms may have to bear certain legal responsibilities.

　　First of all, the producers who upload short videos such as dangerous actions and extreme challenges are very likely to cause injuries to themselves and others, and even be suspected of spreading criminal methods, especially the viewers of some videos are minors. According to Article 29 of the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, no one may instigate, coerce or induce minors to commit the bad behaviors stipulated in this law, or provide conditions for minors to commit bad behaviors. Therefore, the producers of short videos should bear legal responsibility for the behaviors and contents in the videos.

　　The Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency also stipulates that no unit or individual may provide contents and information that endanger the physical and mental health of minors by means of communication or computer network. Therefore, if the Internet platform neglects to review the short video content, it is very likely that there will be legal risks for the third party of the platform.

　　Zhang Guang suggested that the producers of relevant videos should strictly grasp the content of the videos. When dangerous behaviors are involved, they must make risk warnings in the videos, such as "Dangerous behaviors, please don’t imitate". Internet platforms should classify and manage videos. For example, when uploading videos, actors can click to select videos of dangerous behaviors and videos requiring risk warning, and when playing videos, they should automatically "barrage" risk warning. (Reporter Liu Huan)

National Bureau of Statistics： The income level of residents has increased rapidly, and the quality of life has improved significantly.

Cctv newsAccording to the website of the National Bureau of Statistics, since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core, all localities and departments have adhered to the people-centered development idea, taken safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood as the fundamental starting point and end result of their work, conscientiously implemented the strategic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and introduced and implemented a series of policies and measures to benefit the people and enrich the people. Residents’ income has grown rapidly, their income structure has been continuously improved, the income gap between urban and rural residents has been continuously narrowed, their consumption level has been continuously improved, and their quality of life

　　1. Residents’ income grew rapidly and their income structure improved continuously.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, various regions and departments have continuously increased the implementation of the employment priority policy, and various measures to promote residents’ income growth have continued to exert their strength. Residents have shared more economic and social development dividends, residents’ income has maintained rapid growth, and the income structure has been continuously optimized.

　　(1) Residents’ income maintained a rapid growth, which was basically in sync with economic growth.

　　In 2021, the per capita disposable income of the national residents was 35,128 yuan, an increase of 18,618 yuan compared with 16,510 yuan in 2012, with a cumulative nominal growth of 112.8% and an average annual nominal growth of 8.8%. After deducting the price factor, the cumulative real growth was 78.0% and the average annual real growth was 6.6%. Residents’ income growth and economic growth are basically synchronized, 2013— In 2021, the average annual real growth rate of per capita disposable income of residents is faster than the growth rate of per capita GDP by 0.5 percentage points.

　　(2) Residents’ income sources are diversified, and the proportion of net transfer income and net property income has increased.

　　All localities and departments have effectively implemented various employment and entrepreneurship policies, continuously increased the protection of people’s livelihood, broadened the channels for increasing residents’ income through multi-pronged, continuously optimized the business environment, continuously improved the social security system, and further improved the participation and distribution mechanism of various production factors. The net income of residents’ transfer and property in China has increased rapidly, and the proportion has been increasing. In 2021, the per capita disposable income of the national residents was 6531 yuan, an increase of 139.4% compared with 2012, with an average annual increase of 10.2%, and the proportion of the per capita disposable income increased from 16.5% in 2012 to 18.6% in 2021. In 2021, the per capita net income of property was 3,076 yuan, an increase of 149.8% over 2012, with an average annual increase of 10.7%, and the proportion of per capita disposable income increased from 7.5% in 2012 to 8.8% in 2021. Residents’ wage income and net operating income maintained rapid growth. In 2021, the per capita wage income was 19,629 yuan, an increase of 109.3% over 2012, with an average annual increase of 8.6%; The per capita net operating income was 5,893 yuan, an increase of 85.8% compared with 2012, with an average annual increase of 7.1%.

　　Second, the income distribution pattern has been continuously optimized, and the income gap between residents has been continuously narrowed.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party and the government have attached great importance to the issue of income distribution and made great efforts to deepen the reform of the income distribution system. The income gap between urban and rural residents and regional residents has been continuously narrowed, and the income distribution pattern has been significantly improved.

　　(A) the gap between urban and rural areas continues to narrow, and the income ratio is declining year by year.

　　With the deepening of the rural revitalization strategy and various policies to tackle poverty, the per capita disposable income of rural residents continues to grow faster than that of urban residents. In 2021, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 47,412 yuan, an increase of 96.5% over 2012; The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 18,931 yuan, an increase of 125.7% over 2012. 2013— In 2021, the average annual income growth rate of rural residents was 1.7 percentage points faster than that of urban residents. In 2021, the ratio of per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents was 2.50 (rural residents’ income =1), which was 0.38 lower than that in 2012, and the relative income gap between urban and rural residents continued to shrink.

　　(2) The income of residents in the central and western regions has increased rapidly, and the relative income gap between regions has been narrowing.

　　With the in-depth implementation of the overall strategy of regional development, the income growth rate of residents in the central and western regions is obviously faster than that in other regions. In 2021, the per capita disposable income of residents in the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions was 44,980 yuan, 29,650 yuan, 27,798 yuan and 30,518 yuan respectively, with cumulative increases of 110.1%, 116.2%, 123.5% and 89.5% respectively, with an average annual increase of 8.6% and 8.9% compared with 2012. The average annual growth rate of residents’ income in the western region is 0.7, 0.4 and 1.9 percentage points faster than that in the eastern, central and northeastern regions respectively. The ratio of per capita income of residents in the eastern, central and northeastern regions to that in the western region (taking the income of residents in the western region as 1) will be reduced from 1.72, 1.10 and 1.30 in 2012 to 1.62, 1.07 and 1.10 in 2021 respectively.

　　Third, the consumption level of residents has been continuously improved, and the consumption structure has been continuously optimized and upgraded.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, all localities and departments have conscientiously implemented various policies and measures to expand residents’ consumption, continuously improved the consumer market environment, effectively promoted the growth of residents’ consumption, continuously improved the consumption level of urban and rural residents, and optimized and upgraded the consumption structure.

　　(A) the level of consumption has been continuously improved, and the consumption capacity has been continuously enhanced.

　　In 2021, the per capita consumption expenditure of the national residents was 24,100 yuan, an increase of 12,046 yuan compared with 12,054 yuan in 2012. The per capita consumption expenditure increased by 99.9% in nominal terms, with an average annual increase of 8.0%. After deducting the price factor, it increased by 67.4% in real terms, with an average annual increase of 5.9%. In terms of urban and rural areas, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 30,307 yuan, representing a cumulative nominal increase of 77.2% and an average annual nominal increase of 6.6% compared with 2012. After deducting the price factor, the cumulative real increase was 47.9% and the average annual real increase was 4.4%. The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 15,916 yuan, representing a cumulative nominal increase of 138.7% and an average annual nominal increase of 10.2% compared with 2012. After deducting the price factor, the cumulative real increase was 99.7% and the average annual real increase was 8.0%.

　　(B) Engel’s coefficient gradually decreased, and the quality of life continued to improve.

　　In 2021, the per capita expenditure on food, tobacco and alcohol in China was 7,178 yuan, an increase of 80.2% over 2012, with an average annual increase of 6.8%. The proportion of food, tobacco and alcohol expenditure in consumption expenditure (Engel coefficient) decreased from 33.0% in 2012 to 29.8% in 2021, a decrease of 3.2 percentage points. In terms of urban and rural areas, the per capita expenditure on food, alcohol and tobacco for urban residents was 8,678 yuan, an increase of 58.6% over 2012, with an average annual increase of 5.3%; The Engel coefficient of urban residents decreased from 32.0% in 2012 to 28.6% in 2021, a decrease of 3.4 percentage points. The per capita expenditure on food, alcohol and tobacco for rural residents was 5,200 yuan, up by 117.2% compared with 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 9.0%; The Engel coefficient of rural residents decreased from 35.9% in 2012 to 32.7% in 2021, a decrease of 3.2 percentage points. The decline of Engel’s coefficient marks the further improvement of residents’ living standards.

　　(C) The consumption structure was optimized and upgraded, and the development-oriented enjoyment consumption was increasing.

　　With the improvement of residents’ income level and the continuous expansion of consumption fields, the consumption structure of residents has been continuously optimized and upgraded, and the consumption of transportation, children’s education and medical services has grown rapidly, and the proportion of service consumption expenditure has gradually increased. In 2021, the per capita transportation and communication expenditure of the national residents was 3,156 yuan, up by 117.5% compared with 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 9.0%, which was faster than the average annual growth rate of the national per capita consumption expenditure by 1.0 percentage points, accounting for 13.1% of the per capita consumption expenditure, up by 1.1 percentage points compared with 2012. In 2021, the per capita expenditure on education, culture and entertainment of the national residents was 2,599 yuan, up by 106.0% compared with 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 8.4%, which was 0.4 percentage points faster than that of the national residents, accounting for 10.8% of the per capita consumption expenditure, up by 0.3 percentage points compared with 2012. In 2021, the per capita medical and health care expenditure of the national residents was 2115 yuan, up by 152.3% compared with 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 10.8%, which was faster than the average annual growth rate of the national per capita consumption expenditure by 2.8 percentage points, accounting for 8.8% of the per capita consumption expenditure, up by 1.8 percentage points compared with 2012. In 2021, the per capita service consumption expenditure of the national residents accounted for 44.2% of the per capita consumption expenditure, an increase of 4.5 percentage points over 2013.

　　Fourth, the quality of life of residents has continued to improve, and the living environment has improved significantly.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, with the improvement of residents’ income and consumption level, household durable consumer goods have been continuously upgraded. At the same time, the party and the state regard accelerating the construction of local infrastructure as an important carrier to improve the level of people’s livelihood security, strive to promote the equalization of basic public services, improve the coverage rate of public facilities, and improve the living environment of urban and rural residents in all directions.

　　(1) Sustained upgrading of durable consumer goods

　　With the continuous improvement of residents’ income level, the consumption power is further enhanced, and the pace of consumption upgrading is accelerated. The main durable consumer goods owned by urban and rural residents are increasing, and cars, air conditioners and mobile phones are becoming more and more popular in residents’ families. In 2021, the average number of family cars owned by urban and rural residents per 100 households was 50.1 and 30.2, increasing by 132.7% and 358.3% respectively compared with 2012; The average number of air conditioners per 100 households is 161.7 and 89.0, which are 27.5% and 250.8% higher than that in 2012, respectively. The average number of mobile phones per 100 households is 253.6 and 266.6, which are 19.3% and 34.8% higher than that in 2012, respectively. Rural residents’ basic household appliances have increased rapidly, and the convenience of life has been greatly improved. In 2021, the average number of refrigerators owned by rural residents per 100 households was 103.5, an increase of 53.8% over 2012; The average number of washing machines per 100 households was 96.1, an increase of 42.9% over 2012.

　　(B) living conditions and quality have improved significantly.

　　With the renovation of shanty towns, the construction of low-rent housing and affordable housing, and the renovation of dilapidated houses in poverty-stricken areas, the living conditions of urban and rural residents have improved significantly. In 2021, the proportion of urban and rural residents living in reinforced concrete or brick-concrete structure housing was 96.2% and 77.6%, which were 4.4 and 21.9 percentage points higher than that in 2013 respectively; The proportion of urban and rural households with safe drinking water was 99.5% and 97.0%, which were 1.5 and 22.3 percentage points higher than that in 2013, respectively. The proportion of urban and rural residents who have no difficulty in obtaining drinking water is 99.4% and 97.6%, which are 2.7 and 12.0 percentage points higher than that in 2013, respectively; The proportion of urban and rural households with piped water supply was 98.7% and 92.7%, up by 1.7 and 29.4 percentage points respectively compared with 2013.

　　In recent years, with the deepening of the rural toilet revolution and the shortcomings of rural residents’ living environment, the sanitary conditions of urban and rural residents’ toilets have improved significantly. In 2021, the proportion of households using sanitary toilets in urban and rural areas was 97.6% and 82.6%, which were 8.3 and 47.0 percentage points higher than that in 2013 respectively. The proportion of households using flush toilets in urban and rural areas was 94.9% and 67.1%, which were 8.0 and 44.9 percentage points higher than that in 2013 respectively. The proportion of urban and rural residents who use their own toilets is 97.7% and 96.8%, which is 8.0 and 4.2 percentage points higher than that in 2013.

　　(3) The living environment and quality continue to improve.

　　The coverage of the "four links" has been expanding. By 2021, the nationwide electrified communities [2] have basically achieved full coverage. The community where residents in urban areas live has basically realized all telephone calls and cable TV signals, and 99.9% of households have access to roads, an increase of 0.7 percentage points over 2013. In rural areas, 99.9%, 99.8% and 99.9% of households located in natural villages have access to telephones, cable TV signals and highways, which are 1.3, 10.6 and 1.6 percentage points higher than that in 2013.

　　In 2021, 96.6% of the drinking water in urban areas and 80.4% of the drinking water in rural areas were treated by centralized purification, which were 5.3 and 34.8 percentage points higher than that in 2013 respectively. In 2021, 99.1% of households in urban areas can be treated centrally, an increase of 3.3 percentage points over 2013; In rural areas, 95.2% of households located in natural villages can be treated centrally, which is 46.5 percentage points higher than that in 2013.

　　(D) Improve the level of medical services and education services.

　　With the deepening of the policy of integrating urban and rural medical insurance and the full implementation of the strategy of healthy China, the level of medical public services that urban and rural residents can enjoy has gradually improved. In 2021, 87.5% of households in urban areas have health stations in their communities, and 94.8% of households in rural areas have health stations in their natural villages, increasing by 7.8 and 13.2 percentage points respectively compared with 2013. The level of educational services received by urban and rural residents has improved significantly. In 2021, 99.0% of households in urban areas live in communities that can facilitate kindergartens or preschool classes, an increase of 2.3 percentage points over 2013; 99.2% of households live in communities where primary schools are convenient, an increase of 2.4 percentage points over 2013. In 2021, 90.1% of households in rural areas are located in natural villages that can facilitate kindergartens or preschool classes on the ground, an increase of 14.4 percentage points over 2013; There are 91.3% households in natural villages that can facilitate primary schools on the ground, an increase of 10.5 percentage points over 2013.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the people’s living standards and quality have made historic progress and jumped in all directions. The Party and the people have successfully achieved the first century-long struggle goal, built a well-off society in an all-round way on the land of China, and are struggling towards the second century-long struggle goal of building a socialist modernization power in an all-round way. At present, it is a long way to go to solidly promote common prosperity, consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively link with rural revitalization, and continuously improve the living standards of residents. Let us unite more closely around the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, make efforts to continuously safeguard and improve people’s livelihood in development, continuously raise the income level of residents, continuously improve the quality of life of residents, and make new and greater contributions to realizing people’s yearning for a better life and building a socialist modern power.

　　Note:

　　[1] Unless otherwise specified, the following are nominal growth.

　　[2] Community refers to neighborhood committees or communities in urban areas and natural villages in rural areas.

Looking back at the 1998 Beijing influenza, the perfect battle of independent Chinese medicine against the epidemic

Focus on Health China Traditional Chinese Medicine (First Health Report by Lu Jiawei)

In the preface:

Time is the grave where history is buried. No matter how many years have passed, great events and small feelings that have happened, when they are recalled, the fragments of time string it together and turn it into a series of intriguing stories. That year, when people were still immersed in the melody of the popular song "Come and meet in 98, meet in the warm affection under the silver moonlight", a sudden pandemic swept through Beijing. ……

Lu Jiawei

After the Spring Festival in 2022, Omicron was ravaged, and millions of people died in Hong Kong. Shanghai was shut down for more than a month due to the epidemic, and people’s production and life were greatly affected. In May, the epidemic in Beijing was also on the rise. It can be said that this is the biggest black swan incident at present. What good methods will Chinese medicine have in the face of the epidemic? We might as well review the history to find some useful information, especially the anti-epidemic deeds of Chinese medicine in Beijing in 1998.

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The author provided a recent photo of the first health report.

After entering the winter in 1998, the cold, accompanied by the flu, quietly spread in Beijing.

One day in November, the number of outpatients in Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital suddenly increased, and the patients in the hospital were crowded and in a hurry. Due to the unclear positioning of the affiliated unit of the hospital at that time, a large number of backbones began to transfer to the Second Affiliated Hospital. This is the third large-scale technical delivery of Dongzhimen Hospital after the China-Japan Friendship Hospital and Wangjing Hospital, and the technical strength of the hospital has lost a lot. In this case, facing the surging patients, the hospital took it easy from top to bottom, from outpatient to emergency, and methodically used traditional Chinese medicine to suppress a wider range of popular trends.

Jiang Liangduo, Zhou Ping ‘an and other expert teams randomly observed 472 patients in outpatient and emergency departments, and filled in their medical history, symptoms, signs, laboratory tests and other items in the pre-designed observation table for influenza patients, including 253 males and 219 females, the oldest being 87 years old, the youngest being 14 years old, and the average being 52.3 years old.

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Dongzhimen Hospital in 1990s

After collective consultation, TCM experts finally determined the characteristics of the flu: rapid onset and similar symptoms.

First, general malaise, runny nose or throat discomfort occurs, and then fever and anhidrosis occur quickly. Fever is mainly high fever, with cold and heat alternating, nausea and vomiting, anhidrosis, general pain, headache, cough, sore throat, yellow or white phlegm, dry stool and yellow urine. Most patients have a taste, dry cough and little phlegm.

Some patients developed tracheitis or pneumonia after fever. Among them, the virus-infected pneumonia with normal white blood cells and increased lymphocytes is about 33%, and patients with basic diseases are easy to cause complications, which makes the condition worse or worse.

With the sharp increase of outpatients, after clarifying the causes and symptoms, in the face of the menacing pandemic, an anti-epidemic war in the hospital began.

Experts from all walks of life actively face the prescription for the right medicine, and the prescription prescribed by Dr. Zhou Ping, director of the emergency department, is based on the classicsMaxing Shigan Decoction is the monarch, supplemented by heat-clearing and detoxicating drugs such as Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Forsythia suspensa.The clinical effect is excellent, and it only takes about 1 day to reduce the fever at the beginning of the flu. (This core prescription performed well, and was later registered as a hospital preparation Jiedu Qingfei Mixture. )

At the end of 1998, I happened to be in charge of the management of the hospital decocting room.

Dongzhimen Hospital began to use the decocting machine at the end of 1997, which is the first top-three hospital in Beijing to use the decocting machine. At the beginning of November, there was a demand for the prescription of cold medicine in the outpatient department. At first, it looked like a few hundred yuan a day. After a few days, the demand increased greatly, and overtime took up all the machines. The hospital urgently purchased six or seven packaging machines for this purpose, and also organized a large group of people to fill 200ml plastic bottles. It wasn’t long before the peak came one after another, and the whole pharmacy department started to meet the flood of outpatient demand, and all kinds of means went into battle.

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The author provides the old photos of the first health report.

Out-patient Chinese pharmacy sells the agreed prescription directly, and the preparation room has 1 ton, 2 ton boiling extraction tanks and two open pots to extract several times throughout the day, and the decocting room is responsible for filling. At the peak, there are more than 30,000 bags or bottles of substitute decoctions every day, which can meet the dosage of 5,000 people for three days. A small house dedicated to storing substitute decoctions is emptied after working overtime all morning at night, and there are many people who buy and take medicines at the door of the decocting room every day. What impressed me most was that China Bank purchased 6,000 bags with a prescription.

One of my brothers also got the flu. Fortunately, the fried medicine was delivered in time, and the fever dropped the next day. Afterwards, he said, Jiawei, you saved my life. According to him, the high fever persisted and he felt like he was going to die. That was the first time I heard that the flu was still so harmful.

According to the timeYan Xu, Director of Pharmacy Department.Memories: "That year was a big flu in five provinces and cities such as Hebei and Inner Mongolia. Many people found Dongzhimen Hospital after intravenous drip. Line up at the window to buy medicine until the door of the hospital. But the order is particularly good, there is no noise and congestion, and thank you for getting the medicine. Outpatient decoction pieces can’t be supplied, and several companies help them to take medicine day and night. The leaders of the hospital also brought people from various departments to help. Zhongnanhai named Dongzhimen’s cold medicine, and finally I personally escorted it to Zhongnanhai. "

The whole epidemic lasted until the spring, and Dongzhimen’s cold medicine was not only loved by the masses, but also recognized by the highest authority. Later, there was a demand for outpatient services in winter, which lasted for several years.

At that time, there was no decocting machine in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and the prescription was mainly based on agreement. As a result, the patient was sued to the Health Bureau: "It is said that Chinese medicine needs dialectical treatment, and we can see how to get the prepared medicine for colds." The Beijing Evening News also reported on this. It can be seen that the general public does not know that traditional Chinese medicine can be used to prevent and treat the epidemic in the early stage. Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine gave a reasonable explanation, and it was popularized in the mass media. This is the most basic version of Chinese patent medicine, and it is also the cradle of traditional Chinese medicine preparations and new drugs. The predecessor of Tasly Danshen Dripping Pills is the agreed prescription.

The city’s Chinese medicine medical institutions are also fully fired, and it is conservatively estimated that the daily consultation capacity will reach 700,000-100,000 people. For mild or initial symptoms, it usually takes 1-3 days to solve the problem. In short, a pandemic involving 1.2 million people diagnosed with symptoms was finally put out after two or three months of struggle, and the great gods in the field of Chinese medicine did not participate in the war, and only the Mesozoic masters played to win!

afterwards

According to the epidemiological retrospective survey released by Beijing Health and Epidemic Prevention Station in the spring of 1999, the incidence of influenza in Beijing was 10.1% from November 1, 1998 to January 31, 1999, when more than 1 million people in the city suffered from influenza.

What is the concept of this data today. It is equivalent to more than 2 million people in Beijing being diagnosed! 2.5 million people in Shanghai were diagnosed! Putting it in the country is 140 million people diagnosed! At that time, Beijing had a resident population of 12 million, which was equivalent to the level of medium-sized countries in Europe, so this flu data definitely had various analytical and statistical values.

In 1998, social development was relatively backward, and the per capita salary of Beijing employees was only about 1100 yuan per month. At that time, it was impossible for all staff to do nucleic acid and build a shelter. Mobile phones were still luxury goods, and it was impossible to have health codes and travel codes to control suspected people.

Life should go on, and the epidemic should be defeated. At this time, it is time for Chinese medicine to show its power, and Chinese medicine has indeed done it. In 1998, Chinese medicine won the battle against the Beijing flu epidemic. From the bits and pieces of the Dongzhimen Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine to find out the real situation of this forgotten pandemic, it may be enlightening for today’s anti-epidemic.

In 1998, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine gathered a great number of giants. Tung Chee-hwa, Cheng Shennong, Liu Duzhou, Wang Mianzhi, Liu Bichen, Yang Jiasan and Yan Zhenghua were the kings of Chinese medicine in that era. In Mesozoic, Wang Yongyan, Du Huaitang, Tian Delu, Guo Weiqin, Zhou Pingan, Wang Qi, Jiang Liangduo and Tian Jinzhou gathered together. Chen Lixin, Ye Yong ‘an, Wang Yaoxian, Liu Qingquan and Jong Li, the younger generation, have thrived, and the three generations of the old, middle-aged and young people have cast a celestial group in the field of Chinese medicine.

Memorabilia of influenza in Beijing after liberation

The shadow of influenza has always lingered in human society. According to historical records, there have been several major influenza outbreaks since the liberation of Beijing.

In 1957, influenza A/type 2 caused a widespread pandemic, and more than 50% people in Beijing were infected. Some factories and schools were shut down, which not only brought serious harm to people’s health, but also caused great losses to the national economy.

Type A 3 was popular in China in 1968, and soon spread all over the world.

In 1977, Type A 1 reappeared, which became popular among teenagers.

At the end of 1988, there was a moderate epidemic of influenza in Beijing, and the incidence rate was above 10%.

In 2003, the team of Deng Tietao, a master of Chinese medicine for SARS, created four zero records: zero infection, zero transfer to hospital, zero severe illness and zero death.

Achievements of Chinese medicine practitioners

Lu Bingkui, commander of Chinese medicine, wrote to Premier Wen asking Chinese medicine to go into battle to treat SARS.

Ren Jixue, a master of traditional Chinese medicine, took the SARS preventive prescription for 90,000 people in Jilin, and no one was infected. Sars is a curtain call for Chinese medicine practitioners, and it also leaves a strong legacy for the history of Chinese medicine’s anti-epidemic.

Lu Bingkui, commander of traditional Chinese medicine, wrote at the age of 89 that "medical health should make people live on the road of disease-free health, and people with normal physiological functions should not get sick." This is a popular explanation of the traditional Chinese medicine that "healthy qi should be kept inside, and evil should not be done" to treat the disease before it happens.

postscript

I should say,The 1998 Beijing pandemic should be the last battle for Chinese medicine to fight the epidemic independently and win completely.However, it is enough to prove that it is possible for Chinese medicine to lead the fight against plague, and it also proves that Chinese medicine has the advantages of advanced nature across time and space, rapid recovery of patients and super preventive ability, and finally realizes a win-win situation with extremely low social damage against epidemic.

In the fight against plague, Chinese medicine can face the epidemic directly without infection, and the treatment principle is like thunder, which can quickly wipe out the sequelae. For critically ill patients, it can gradually recover to save their lives, and the trinity of "prevention, treatment and rescue" constitutes a system.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been developing and expanding since Zhang Zhongjing, a doctor, and has established a set of theoretical methods and classic prescriptions of "prevention, treatment and rescue". This is a super versatile arsenal, especially for respiratory infectious diseases. No matter where the enemy comes from, it can respond quickly at the first time and has the ability to destroy the enemy before it happens.

With the great development of society, people’s living standards have been greatly improved, and it is difficult for severe infectious diseases such as plague and cholera to make a big splash. Globalization makes world travel the norm, and domestic transportation is extremely convenient. The objective reality makes the spread of respiratory diseases extremely rapid and extensive, which may be the main contradiction of future epidemics.

It is urgent to explore the anti-epidemic energy of traditional Chinese medicine in advance, so as to make it a systematic and regular anti-epidemic main force, which will also be a national weapon to ensure the smooth and stable development of the country.

Author’s notes

Lv Jiawei, born in 1969 in a family of traditional Chinese medicine, is the youngest son of Lv Bingkui, founder and commander of traditional Chinese medicine in New China. At the age of 20, I followed around to participate in various Chinese medicine activities, and was responsible for sorting out medical records and life information. Gradually understand the ancestors’ pursuit and academic thoughts in the cause of traditional Chinese medicine under the influence of years. It laid a solid foundation for determining the career direction in the future. In 1985, he was admitted to Beijing Chinese Medicine School at the age of 15. In 1990, he joined the pharmacy department of Dongzhimen Hospital in Beijing, and was responsible for the management of decocting room, Chinese medicine storehouse and preparation room. He used to be a director of China Folk Chinese Medicine Development and Research Association and a member of the Preparation Committee of Beijing Chinese Medicine Association. There are many successful cases in the transformation of clinical achievements of traditional Chinese medicine. At the end of 2018, he resigned from the public office and devoted himself to the big health industry, Chinese medicine planting management, Chinese medicine preparations and new drug development.

(Editor of autumn rain)

Is the short video ＂killing＂ the long video？

Author: Fan Ying, title map from: vision china.

With the rise of "Tik Tok" and "Aauto Quicker", people spend more and more time on short video platforms. About 15 seconds to 1 minute, one novel and interesting content after another stimulates dopamine in our body, making short videos the best choice for many young people to spend their scattered time.

Some people assert that short videos are "killing" long videos.

Is this really the case?

Recently, Wang Yizhi, a partner of Fanying, made a live sharing activity with the theme of "How to build a video content judgment standard by saying" long "and" short ". In this sharing, he put forward a series of vivid and interesting views on the development and relationship between long and short video content, and shared his thoughts and attempts on the "video content judgment standard" for content developers by combing the development of mature markets.

The following are the highlights of this sharing:

Short video: Am I killing the long video?

Short entertainment content is the mainstream of consumption.

In fact, the entertainment content with relative length has always existed in people’s lives. For example, in the non-video era, people usually like to read tabloids, which consumes less time and has a lower reading threshold than novels. Compared with the cost of watching singing in the theater, people are more willing to go to the roadside to watch the performances of jugglers.

In the video age, with the popularity of home videos fading away, it is becoming more and more normal for people to brush short videos between buses, subways or meals than to spend money and time going to the cinema.

So how do we define long and short videos?

In fact, for most audiences, the boundary between long and short videos is not so clear. Even in the industry, the difference between a short video platform and a long video platform is not clearly defined.

How to distinguish between long and short videos depends more on the service provided by the video content. In most people’s understanding, long videos have complete information, such as movies, TV shows, variety shows and so on. The short video, in the public’s cognition, will be news, advertisements or instant entertainment information represented by Tik Tok. From this perspective, we understand that smaller and shorter content will have lower threshold and stronger popularity at the level of entertainment content.

In fact, from the beginning of the cinema era, long and short videos have always complemented each other and developed together. In the 1930s, most of the short content such as newsreels, animations and short stories were broadcast in European and American cinemas, instead of long movies. In the TV era, for a long time, the TV platform played mainly short content. With the expansion of the audience and the reduction of production costs, we saw TV dramas and movies on TV.

Therefore, it is not short video that squeezes the space of long video, but short content has been the mainstream of mass entertainment consumption for a long time, while long video is the upgrade of consumption and experience.

Network: the main position of video consumption

Video consumption needs to be distinguished according to the scene and terminal when the audience consumes.

However, with the popularity of mobile portable devices, the Internet is everywhere, and even cinema viewing is inseparable from the Internet. To some extent, we can say that the terminals where viewers consume videos today can be regarded as "Internet terminals". So what makes the difference? Scene.

If we divide the consumption scenes of the audience, it can be said that "indoor" and "outdoor" are more applicable. Because of the different consumption scenes, the audience’s behavior of consuming videos will also be different. For example, when the audience’s consumption scene is indoors, even if we have a mobile phone, we may choose to use smart TV to consume videos.

The main consumption place of fragmented information is completed in the process of moving, while inconvenient public space needs to create a sense of ritual, such as the lighting atmosphere of the theater and the requirement of mute the audience’s mobile phone, which can help consumers access their computers more efficiently.

From the comparison between the annual movie box office growth in China and the increase in the number of Internet and mobile phone users, it can be seen that although the total box office in China has been climbing, the people who go to the cinema to see movies still account for only a small part of the number of netizens.

Although there are a lot of free content on the Internet, the attention economy brought by the huge netizens is very considerable, which is unmatched by cinema consumers.

Therefore, the main consumption position of entertainment content is still on the Internet.

Short video: a trial of long video

The symbiotic relationship between long and short videos is also worthy of attention.

On the short video platform, there are three kinds of content with relatively large traffic, namely, social politics, entertainment and sports, and film and television. Among them, film and television is the most likely and easiest to lead to the transformation of long video content. The short video platform has gradually become the core traffic source of the long video platform.

Watching a long video is time-consuming. When the audience chooses whether to watch a long video, it is usually through a short video.(preview)To judge. Therefore, short videos are sometimes more like "samples" of long videos.

Short video is the main way for us to get any information, while long video is the way to get more information in depth.

In the short video ecosystem, the functionality of different video content is very clear. Long video can bring better immersion and more complete harvest to the audience on the basis of this function.

Generally speaking, short videos drive the consumption of long videos to a certain extent. There is no tension between short video and long video. They have a close relationship of symbiotic development and mutual promotion.

Short video is more widely spread, but the "liquidity" of long video is still irreplaceable by short video, and its "long tail effect" is also beyond the reach of short video in the short term. Therefore, for the content industry, the marketing of short video can help create higher highs and bring more long-term benefits in the operation of the whole film during the initial period of word-of-mouth and influence establishment.

Short video: incubating creative talents

The nationwide creation of short videos has also laid a broad content and talent base for long videos. For a long time, our talents in the field of cultural creativity are relatively limited, and the production capacity we can bring is relatively weak, so we have always had many problems in the quality of long and short videos.

Nowadays, the short video platform actually releases the participation of the whole people.

Although the tools and production technology need to be improved, this release can still bring us a lot of innovative content, and also give many people who are interested and have ideas a space to practice their hands, which will naturally bring about the trend of "a rising tide lifts all boats".

At the same time, short video is also a very good starting point for long video content, which can bring a lot of things outside the brain hole of professional screenwriters to the creators, and these things are grounded and vivid. Of course, to some extent, the short video created by the whole people has also improved the audience’s requirements for long videos.

So, how do we judge the quality of long and short video content? This involves the establishment of a content standard system. Let’s take a look at what mature markets do first.

Content standard system: reference from mature markets

Hollywood was also dominated by the creator-centered system in the 1960s and 1970s, and the situation it faced after World War II was also the lack of creators and practitioners. What broke this pattern and laid the foundation for the construction of Hollywood’s future industrial system was a film called "The Gate of Heaven".

At first, the budget of Gate of Heaven was $7.5 million, which was a very huge figure in the 1980s. Its director, Michael Simino, has just won four Oscars before making this film, which is in full swing. However, the film continued to exceed the budget during the filming process, and the final investment was as high as 44 million US dollars. But after the release, it only earned $3.5 million at the box office.

This defeat directly led to the closure of the old Hollywood production company Lianyi, and caused a huge impact on Hollywood at that time. It was also after this that Hollywood began to explore the process and standardization of film production.

Industrialization means standardization, which indicates that it can be scaled up.

The following figure shows the proportion of pure content revenue in the total revenue of three companies with relatively high Hollywood market today. We can see that in a long period of time, whether it is Sony with "hardware+entertainment", Comcast with communication, media and entertainment content as a whole, or Disney, which made a fortune by acquiring media through content to build an entire business empire, this ratio has not changed much.

Four characteristics of industrialization of content industry

Content output refers to the direct realization of content copyright itself.(excluding derivatives such as toys and amusement parks). It can be seen that in the operation of these industry giants, the production and marketing management of content have a stable standard process and scale.

On this basis, NETFLIX’s business model today has been created. Its comprehensive long video content classification standard, distribution model and recommendation mechanism are actually closely related to the industry standards established by Hollywood itself.

Looking back at the whole Hollywood system, if we want to achieve more standardization nowadays, we must first solve the production problem. The content on the short video platform actually solves the problem of production standardization and realizes the convenience of distribution and interactive communication with consumers. Therefore, it can make today’s short video content present a colorful and blooming state.

Establishing basic standards and building market ecological chain

In the industry, basic standards are divided into three categories, namely product standards, media standards and crowd standards. How to establish the industry standard of short video, we can first understand from long video.

Product standard

The basis of the whole product standard in Hollywood is type. For the audience, it is also through the type to distinguish the functions provided by the content.

Another point in product standards is difference. The essence of difference is innovation, and innovation is risky. Hollywood studios have a tent pole.（Tentpole）The concept of using a very high-cost content to prop up a "tent pole", and the rest of the investment and energy will happen around this.

Media standard

The standards at the media level are divided according to consumption frequency in the whole North American system, and different media are used to correspond to audiences with different consumption frequencies.

For example, six months before the release of a movie, the "heavy users" of the movie will be accurately advertised on a certain platform or category. For "moderate users", access to information through a wider range of channels, such as public television and cinema trailers. Finally, there are "light users", which are mainly outdoor advertisements. From "severe" to "mild", the communication atmosphere is finally formed.

Crowd standard

Based on the above two standards, the crowd standard in Hollywood is cut very finely, and we can see countless classification labels. It is precisely because of this relatively clear and stable standard that the judgment of consumers is relatively accurate, and there is basically no "dark horse" in the entire Hollywood market.

This phenomenon is not uncommon in China market. The existence of "dark horse" actually represents the strong uncertainty of the market, which is not safe for the content industry. The process of establishing standards is also the process of "eliminating dark horses".

How to establish content/product standards?

There is a general model for establishing these standards, which is to follow the two dimensions of "ornamental" and "marketability". The common understanding of "ornamental" is "good looking", while "marketability" is "good selling".

Based on these two dimensions, each content can have an evaluation standard, which is commonly said as "applauding and making a seat". This is also the core goal of every content now.

Take The Wandering Earth as an example.

In 2018, Fan Ying worked with Tencent Pictures to study the genre of China sci-fi movies. During this period, she visited the practitioners in the whole process of sci-fi movie production, conducted in-depth research from creators and audiences, sci-fi audiences and non-sci-fi audiences, and analyzed the possible future trend of China sci-fi market.

At that time, an outstanding conclusion was that the theme of disaster may be an opportunity for China’s science fiction. And The Wandering Earth’s theme is in line with this discovery. It is the story built on this basis that conforms to the values of Chinese people, which makes The Wandering Earth arouse the emotional resonance of Chinese people: "Good-looking".

At the same time, Fan Ying made three audience tests for The Wandering Earth. In the first round of testing, the biggest confusion caused by the whole film in the hearts of the audience was the contradictory relationship between Liu Peiqiang and Liu Qi. After repeated tests and three rounds of adjustment, the audience finally formed a sense of resonance with family affection, and reached the standard of "good-looking" in the hearts of the test audience.

Let’s look at the perspective of "selling well". We need to find a breakthrough point with word-of-mouth potential on ontology.

Pass the test of marketing link(Provide some information about the film, not the whole trial)To tap the audience’s interest points, the study found that it was outstanding in three levels: "special effects", "science fiction" and "story", so as to find the power point of marketing actions.

Then, how to formulate the marketing strategy of film and television content is actually very different between long and short videos. Different from the immediacy of short video, the entry threshold is low and the function is clear. Long video is a process that needs to establish a relationship with the audience at an early stage-"building questions in the audience’s mind".

Therefore, how to establish this interest point is the key in long video marketing. And this interest point is the question that the audience must enter the cinema to solve. If the output information does not arouse such curiosity in the audience’s mind, the purpose of marketing will not be achieved.

Another classic case: Titanic.

As a typical case of Fox in moderns, the biggest problem faced by its marketing team before the release was, "What should we sell?". They need to pick out the core marketing points among many elements such as epic, special effects, big director and so on.

After continuous testing, it is finally found that "the choice of two people who love each other under the background of disaster" is the best core point in both marketing level and content ontology level. So the final publicity strategy is "What happened to them?" And finally set the slogan is "nothing in the world can stop them"（Nothing on earth could come between them.）.

"Life and death choice" is the motif established in the marketing of Titanic. Long video content must find out what this motif needs to be solved.

Combined with the above cases,It is through the quality of the film itself(Good-looking)And the excavation of marketing entry point.(is it good to sell)We have established the basic criteria for judging the content.

As mentioned earlier,The establishment of production standards is based on types, and the formation of differences is innovation.

Whether it is a long video or a short video, the genre is very important. The genre represents the function of a video. Horror films need to scare and stimulate the senses of the audience, and romance films need to bring romantic emotions and feelings to the audience.

Innovation on the basis of satisfying functions brings about differences in positioning. The difference in positioning is not necessarily the difference in content ontology, but is influenced by the market and creative strategies, which will affect the psychological expectations of the audience.

The difference between long video and short video is that the audience of long video often has expectations, and whether it meets or exceeds the psychological expectations of the audience is the key to the success of long video.

Key nodes of content operation management

For content producers and managers, there are several key nodes in the marketing strategy of long video that deserve attention.

First of all, in the early development stage, we need to arouse the initial interest of the audience with core information.

Secondly, in the production stage, we need to know the type and functionality of the content and what emotional resonance we want to achieve in the audience’s mind.

Finally, in the filming stage, the focus of attention is the core marketing strategy, which needs to be decided after the marketing test of the audience. As well as the final declaration and guidance stage, it is necessary to check all the strategies.

In all these steps, we need a very systematic understanding and management, so that the long video can finally have an expected result.

　 　 　

Author: Fan Ying

Implemented from September! You must understand these new traffic regulations.

　　Cctv newsAccording to the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, starting from tomorrow (September 1), small car driving licenses can be applied for in different places in the province, motor vehicles can be inspected in different provinces, and vehicles can be transferred from different places to realize online transmission of file information.

　　At present, it is common to live, study and work in different places, and the demand for driving licenses in different places is increasing. The Ministry of Public Security has further relaxed the conditions for applying for a driver’s license in different places. From September 1, residents in the province can directly apply for a driver’s license for small cars with their ID cards throughout the province, without having to submit a residence permit or temporary residence registration certificate. Residents outside the province can also apply for a small car driver’s license directly within the province after applying for a residence permit in any city in the province.

Wang Qiang, Deputy Director of Traffic Management Bureau of Ministry of Public Security.

Wang Qiang, Deputy Director of Traffic Management Bureau of Ministry of Public Security.

　　Wang Qiang, Deputy Director of Traffic Management Bureau of Ministry of Public Security:For example, if you are from Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, then when I want to apply for a driver’s license in Baoding, Hebei Province, or in other places, then you can hold your ID card, and the resident ID card can be applied for anywhere in the province, so I can take the exam and issue a driver’s license.

　　Small cars, trucks and other vehicles have achieved national "general inspection"

　　In terms of motor vehicle inspection, since September 1st, the Ministry of Public Security has comprehensively implemented cross-provincial inspection of small cars, trucks and medium-sized buses to achieve nationwide "general inspection". Applicants can directly inspect in provinces other than the place where motor vehicles are registered, and apply for inspection marks, without going through the entrusted inspection procedures. For vehicles exempted from inspection within 6 years, after verifying the compulsory insurance through the Internet traffic safety comprehensive service platform, they can directly apply for the inspection-free sign, without going back and forth to dmv and signing the driving license, so as to realize online application and mail delivery.

　　Wang Qiang, Deputy Director of Traffic Management Bureau of Ministry of Public Security.: (It turns out) You still need to drive this car back, or take this driving license back to the vehicle management office where the vehicle is registered, then apply for an entrusted inspection. After the implementation of the reform, you can apply directly to the vehicle management office for inspection on the spot. Let’s check first, and then send this relevant information back through the backstage online later. Actually, it was originally necessary for the masses to run away. Now we are running errands online through the Internet.

　　Simplify the one-time completion of vehicle transfer from different places to vehicle inspection.

　　At present, the transfer of vehicle registration in different places requires the owner to submit the vehicle, return the license plate, extract the file and apply for a temporary license at the place where he moves out, and then submit the file, submit the vehicle for inspection and select the license plate at the place where he moves in. The owner and the vehicle run at both ends, with many twists and turns, long cycle and high cost.

　　Since September 1st, the Ministry of Public Security has piloted the electronic online transfer of files of non-operating mini passenger cars in 15 cities, including Nanjing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Chongqing. For the vehicles transferred between the pilot cities, applicants can directly go to the vehicle management office of the transfer place, without going to the vehicle management office of the transfer place to inspect the vehicles and extract paper files. The file information is transferred to dmv, where people move in, through the network, thus reducing the commuting between the two places.

　　Wang Qiang, Deputy Director of Traffic Management Bureau of Ministry of Public Security.: First, you don’t have to run twice. The second one doesn’t need to issue a temporary number plate. I’m worried that this number plate will expire. What’s the problem in the process? Third, this file does not need to be brought by the owner himself, so this avoids the loss of a file in the middle, or the file is tampered with by criminals. The common people also saved the trouble. Besides running twice, he didn’t need to check the car twice.

Hello, on behalf of the deputy magistrate who took ＂durian＂ to the two sessions： ＂The realization of＂ durian freedom ＂is just around the corner＂

CCTV News (Reporter Wang Jingyuan Lu Yuanyuan):During the two sessions of the National People’s Congress, Lu Yan, deputy head of Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County, Hainan Province, made suggestions on supporting the high-quality development of the domestic durian industry.

This year, Lv Yan came to Beijing with the durian wenchuang doll "Liu Xiaoxin" from her hometown. In an interview with CCTV reporters, she repeatedly talked about the historical origin of Baoting County and Durian in her hometown.

Lu Yan introduced that in 1958, the first durian tree introduced from China was successfully planted in Baoting. After the efforts of three generations of researchers and growers, in 2018, Hainan finally harvested the first batch of domestic durian fruits. At present, the planting area of durian in Hainan province is more than 40 thousand mu, of which Baoting accounts for nearly 20 thousand mu. In 2024, 4,000 mu of durian in Baoting entered a high-yield period, with an output value of 60,000 to 100,000 yuan per mu, and its economic benefits far exceeded that of traditional agriculture.

However, in the investigation, Lu Yan found that the development of domestic durian industry still faces many challenges: durian is a typical tropical fruit tree, which requires harsh conditions such as air, sunshine, humidity, temperature, water and fertilizer. Hainan Province is located in the northern edge of the tropical region and needs to cultivate varieties suitable for local cultivation; In the early stage of durian planting, the investment per mu exceeded 10 thousand yuan, which was a heavy burden for farmers; Durian planting technology requires high standards, and growers lack the guidance of standardized planting technology; Compared with traditional durian producing countries, China lacks experience in durian cultivation. At present, durian imported from Southeast Asia still occupies the main market in China, and domestic durian needs to play its own brand.

Facing the pressure of absolute quantity advantage of imported durian, Lu Yan believes that domestic durian must work hard on quality if it wants to break through. For example, many consumers can’t accept the smell of imported durian, and this smell is caused by "cooking on the road" — — Imported durians are usually picked when they are ripe in June or July, and then naturally placed or ripened during transportation.

In contrast, domestic durian from Hainan can be cooked on the tree, with higher sweetness and sweet taste. The scarcity of "ripe on the tree" is also the reason why the price of domestic durian is generally higher than that of imported durian.

"People want to plant, but they can’t plant. They all want to get planting training to reduce the sunk cost of investment." Lu Yan said that Hainan, as the only tropical island province in China, has the unique advantage of developing the domestic durian industry after more than 60 years of exploration. This industry is expected to become a gold industry with tropical characteristics and efficient agriculture, injecting new kinetic energy into the revitalization of rural industries. "I think we have achieved ‘ Durian Freedom ’ Just around the corner. "

According to customs data, the import of durian in China reached a record high of 15.6 billion kilograms in 2024. Lu Yan said that in the face of such a huge market, domestic durian must seize the opportunity. At this year’s National People’s Congress, she made suggestions to strengthen scientific and technological support, build a domestic durian geographical indication brand, form an industrial cluster, and provide a "Hainan Plan" to reduce import dependence and ensure the supply security of tropical agricultural products.

Fully charged in four and a half minutes! The third generation power station or Cheng Weilai’s ＂killer＂

　　China Times reporter Liu Kai Yu Jianping reports from Beijing.

　　When electrification becomes the general trend of the transformation of the automobile industry, the problem of energy replenishment has become a hot topic in the industry.

　　At present, there are roughly two ways to replenish energy for pure electric vehicles. One is the over-filled pile used by Tesla, Guangzhou Automobile Ai ‘an and other enterprises. The other is the power exchange station laid out by enterprises such as Weilai and Ruilan. The former is more convenient and can be installed in residential areas, parking lots and other locations. While the latter is to improve the energy replenishment efficiency and reduce the energy replenishment time.

　　Although the charging pile is still the most common way to replenish energy in the current market, the power exchange station has become the favorite way for car owners because of its ultra-fast efficiency. To this end, enterprises involved in the field of power exchange have also begun to increase the construction of power exchange stations.

　　On March 28th, Weilai Third Generation Power Station made its debut in Haikou. It is understood that the new generation of power exchange stations will be launched simultaneously in Beijing, Wuxi, Chengdu, Zhengzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Qingdao, Hefei, Harbin and other cities in early April.

　　Shen Fei, senior vice president of Weilai Energy, said: "After March 28, except for a few unfinished second-generation power stations, all the third-generation power stations will be launched later. It is estimated that 90% of the 1,000 new power stations in 2023 will be newly launched third-generation power stations. "

　　It only takes four and a half minutes to change the power.

　　Since China began to promote new energy vehicles, energy replenishment has become a difficult problem that puzzles the development of the industry. Due to imperfect infrastructure construction and unbalanced proportion of charging piles, many consumers cannot accept new energy vehicles. According to the data released by China Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance, in 2022, China’s charging infrastructure will increase by 2.593 million units, and the ratio of pile to vehicle will increase by 1∶2.7. Judging from the proportion of vehicles and piles, there is still a big gap from the national requirement of 1:1.

　　"I thought about the battery life of new energy vehicles before buying a car. The home is also an old community, and it is not suitable to install charging piles. The reason why Weilai automobile was chosen later is because of the perfect power exchange service. I still remember the scene when the salesman showed me how to change the electricity, and the car automatically entered the power station. At that time, I felt that I must have bought Wei, which was too convenient. " A owner of Weilai ET5 told the reporter of China Times.

　　Indeed, the power exchange mode has brought great convenience to car owners, and Weilai Automobile has also attracted a large number of users by the power exchange service. It is understood that it only takes about 5 minutes to change the electricity, while it takes about 1 hour to charge.

　　Shen Fei said that since Weilai delivered the first power station in Nanshan, Shenzhen in 2018, by March 28, 1,232 power stations had been built nationwide, with a total number of power exchanges exceeding 19 million. In addition, more than 50% of Weilai’s car owners’ energy supplement comes from electricity exchange. Compared with the charging amount and the exchange amount, the proportion of electricity exchange is constantly rising, and the proportion of charged electricity is constantly decreasing.

　　At the same time, in February 2023, Li Bin, founder, chairman and CEO of Weilai, released a "Thousand Stations Plan". The plan is to increase the number of new power stations in 2023 from the original 400 to 1,000. This means that Weilai will build more than 2,300 power stations by the end of 2023.

　　In addition to constantly increasing the layout of the power station, Weilai has been upgrading the power station to improve the customer experience. Shen Fei said that the third generation power station has a comprehensive improvement in experience and efficiency. From the user experience, the height of the platform of the third generation power station is about 100 mm lower than that of the second generation power station. At the same time, the vehicle changing position has also moved forward by 400 mm. These changes can make users feel more comfortable. In terms of efficiency, compared with the second generation, the third generation power station shortens the whole power exchange time by 20%. This means that the power exchange time of the third generation power exchange station only takes about 4 and a half minutes.

　　In addition, the number of battery positions in the third generation power station has increased to 21, and the number of service times per day can reach 408, and the service capacity is improved by 30% compared with that of the second generation power station. It is worth mentioning that the third generation power station has also added over-filled piles. In addition to changing electricity, eight super-charged piles can also support the energy demand of 8-10 vehicles per hour.

　　"Weilai will constantly update the power station. First, it is to provide better services to users and let users experience the convenience of changing electricity. The second is to let more consumers reduce their concerns about energy replenishment and accept pure electric vehicles, which is also a good way for Weilai to enhance brand awareness. " Kun Wang, an auto analyst, told the reporter of China Times.

　　Policy-driven, multi-enterprise entry

　　In fact, in order to increase the development and promotion of new energy vehicles, changing electricity has become the focus of national promotion in recent years. In 2020, the power exchange station was written into the "Government Work Report" and became one of the seven important areas of China’s new infrastructure. In 2022, various departments introduced a series of favorable policies. For example, the Key Points of Automobile Standardization Work in 2022 issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology proposes that it is necessary to "speed up the construction and improvement of the charging and replacing standard system for electric vehicles, and promote the formulation of standards such as on-board battery replacement system, universal battery replacement platform and battery replacement package for pure electric vehicles". Seven departments, including the National Development and Reform Commission, jointly issued the Implementation Plan for Promoting Green Consumption, which also made it clear to strengthen the construction of supporting infrastructure such as charging and replacing electricity, and promote the pilot work of the application of new energy vehicle replacement mode. In addition, Chongqing, Hainan, Chengdu and other local governments also provide subsidies and incentive policies for power exchange projects.

　　At the two sessions of the National People’s Congress that ended before, Feng Xingya, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Guangzhou Automobile Group, mentioned in the "Proposal on Accelerating the Promotion of Power Exchange Mode of New Energy Vehicles and Accelerating the Transformation of Automobile Industry" that the power exchange mode has obvious advantages, but at present, China’s power exchange mode is still in its infancy, the overall planning and layout is backward, and problems such as less investment in research and development of power exchange vehicles, high construction cost of power exchange stations, different battery standards and specifications, and lack of foundation for resource sharing have yet to be solved. Feng Xingya suggested to speed up the overall layout of the promotion of the national power exchange mode, study and introduce various policies to support the power exchange mode, support and reward automobile enterprises to launch power exchange models, increase the encouragement of vehicle-electric separation policies, and exempt the purchase tax of batteries for power exchange models after the country cancels the purchase tax exemption policy for new energy vehicles.

　　Zhou Tianle, an analyst at Guotai Junan Securities, said: "The power exchange industry has benefited from favorable policies, technological upgrading and capital entry, and has great development potential. The battery exchange mode can solve the pain point of’ charging efficiency’ and has the advantages of battery maintenance, energy storage and reducing the cost of car purchase. It is estimated that by the end of 2025, 22,100 power exchange stations will be built in China, forming an equipment market space of 38.3 billion yuan; By the end of 2030, it is expected to build 88,300 power stations, forming an equipment market space of 109.1 billion yuan. "

　　In this context, enterprises have also begun to lay out in the power exchange market. In addition to Weilai Automobile, there are other automobile companies including BAIC, Geely and SAIC, as well as enterprises such as Hanchuan Intelligent, () and Bozhong Seiko.

　　Industrial Securities pointed out that multiple factors catalyzed the change of electricity to take advantage of the situation. The business model has taken shape and the industrial chain has entered the market. The penetration of electric vehicles was accelerated, and the market of 100 billion yuan was opened in three years. The new energy vehicle market is in the ascendant, driving the increasing demand for energy replenishment; The application of power exchange mode in specific scenarios will complement the charging mode. Thanks to policy support, mature business model and investment layout in all links of the industrial chain, the power exchange industry is about to enter the fast lane of large-scale development.

Entrapped anti-influenza drugs

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:With freehand brushwork biotech (Biotech(ID：TXYBiotech), Author: Yang Yi, original title: "Anti-influenza drugs and market analysis", title map from: vision china.

The ugly SARS-CoV-19 has not been completely conquered by human beings, and the lingering influenza virus has begun to wreak havoc again. The struggle between human beings and viruses is like this."Scientific Progress-Virus Variation and Drug Resistance"It spirals up in this cycle. The periodic spread of seasonal influenza virus makes the importance of anti-influenza drug development stand out again.

Oseltamivir, which went on the market 24 years ago, is still the mainstay of anti-influenza drugs. Although the first new drug, Baloshavir, enriched the team of anti-influenza drugs, it went on the market five years ago. After learning the cruelty of SARS-CoV-19 virus, people need to make a breakthrough in the development of influenza drugs.

I. Classification of seasonal influenza

Seasonal influenza（Seasonal influenza）It is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus prevalent all over the world. There are four types of seasonal influenza viruses, A, B, C and D.(Chinese corresponds to influenza A, B, C and D). Influenza A and B viruses spread and cause seasonal epidemics.（seasonal epidemics）.

According to the hemagglutinin on the surface of the virus（HA， hemagglutinin）And neuraminidase（NA， neuraminidase）The combination of influenza A virus is further divided into different subtypes. At present, subtype A is transmitted among humans.（H1N1）And a（H3N2）Influenza virus. A（H1N1）Influenza virus is also written as A.（H1N1）Pdm09, because it caused a pandemic in 2009, replaced the seasonal influenza A spread before 2009.（H1N1）Viruses.

Only influenza A virus is known to cause a pandemic at present. Influenza B virus is not classified into subtypes, but can be classified into lineages. The currently popular influenza B virus belongs to B/Yamagata or B/Victoria pedigree. The detection frequency of influenza C virus is low, which usually causes mild infection, so it is not of public health importance. Influenza D virus mainly affects cattle and does not infect or cause human diseases.[1]

Second, influenza treatment

Seasonal flu patients without complications, if they have symptoms, stay at home and do their bit to reduce the spread of the virus. By means of self-monitoring, we can decide whether to seek medical treatment.

Patients suffering from serious or progressive clinical diseases related to influenza, that is, pneumonia, septicemia or clinical syndrome aggravated by chronic basic diseases, should receive antiviral drugs as soon as possible. The most common anti-influenza drugs are neuraminidase inhibitors.（Neuraminidase inhibitors）Oseltamivir（oseltamivir）. Ideally, it should be taken within 48 hours of symptoms to maximize the curative effect. It is recommended to treat for at least 5 days, but it can be extended until the clinical improvement is satisfactory.

It should be noted that corticosteroids should not be used for influenza.(corticosteroid, such as prednisone, cortisone, hydrocortisone, etc.)Unless there are other reasons.(e.g. asthma and other specific conditions)Because corticosteroids may lead to prolonged virus clearance time and double infection of bacteria or fungi caused by immunosuppression.

At present, all popular influenza viruses are resistant to adamantane antiviral drugs.(Adamantane antivirals, such as amantadine and rimantadine)Because of their drug resistance, these drugs are not recommended for monotherapy.[1]

Third, anti-influenza drugs

The main anti-influenza drugs are divided into adamantane, neuraminidase inhibitors and polymerase inhibitors.(Table 1).[2]　There are four kinds of anti-influenza drugs approved by FDA recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Rapivab. （peramivir），Relenza（zanamivir），Tamiflu （oseltamivir phosphate）And Xofluza（baloxavir marboxil）.[3]

Table 1. Antiinfluenza drugs

1. Neuraminidase inhibitors（Neuraminidase inhibitors）　

Neuraminidase inhibitor（NAI）Targeted neuraminidase（NA）Glycoprotein, which is second only to hemagglutinin in human body.（HA）The most abundant surface glycoprotein. Neuraminidase inhibitors can achieve antiviral effect by inhibiting the emergence of new virus particles in host cells and preventing the enzyme activity necessary for virus transmission.[4]

The four most common neuraminidase inhibitors are oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir and laninamivir.(Figure 1).

Fig. 1. Common neuraminidase inhibitors and their molecular structures.

Although their structures are similar, there are obvious differences in treatment schemes, routes of administration and drug resistance. The most widely used neuraminidase inhibitor is oseltamivir.(Trade name: Tamiflu)The treatment plan for adults is 75mg twice a day for 5 days. Due to zanamivir(trade name Relenza)The oral bioavailability of is low.（<5%）Therefore, it is approved as an inhalation drug, 5mg each time, twice a day for 5 days.

In 2019, intravenous zanamivir(trade name Dectova)Authorized by the European Union to be used under special circumstances.(e.g. in case of resistance to other anti-influenza drugs). Efforts to increase bioavailability and half-life have led to peramivir.(Trade name: Rapivab/Rapiacta/PeramiFlu)Development of, by intravenous infusion with a single dose of 600mg; And ranimivir (trade name Inavir), a more persistent neuraminidase inhibitor, showed therapeutic effect after a single nasal inhalation dose.[5] Paramivir and Ranimivir are allowed to be used in a few countries around the world, while oseltamivir and zanamivir are more widely approved geographically.

Different neuraminidase inhibitors show different efficacy, which mainly depends on the subtype/pedigree of influenza virus that infects patients.For example, oseltamivir versus A（H1N1）, a（H3N2）And the seasonal uncomplicated influenza caused by influenza A and B virus is more effective. However, the effect of antiviral therapy may be limited by the resistance of influenza virus to neuraminidase inhibitors. Different neuraminidase inhibitors have different drug resistance.

In view of the drug resistance of common neuraminidase inhibitors, people are now focusing on emerging drugs in research. At least two new neuraminidase inhibitors and one neuraminidase blocker are in the first and second development stages.

HNC042(Guangzhou Hengnuokang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. and Heilongjiang Zhenbaodao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)In preclinical studies, it showed effective inhibitory activity against wild-type and oseltamivir-resistant NA-H274Y virus. HNC042 showed good safety, tolerability and linear pharmacokinetics in phase I trials in the United States.Learning (NCT04603989). HNC042 is used to prevent and treat influenza, especially for critically ill patients who need hospitalization.

AV5080(ChemRar, Russia, Viriom, USA, Figure 2)The preclinical evaluation revealed the activity against a variety of influenza viruses, including oseltamivir-resistant strains. Oral AV5080 shows good physicochemical and metabolic characteristics and good pharmacokinetic characteristics in animals.[6]

Fig. 2. chemical structure of a new neuraminidase inhibitor drug candidate AV5080.

CD388 (Cidora Therapeutics Inc., USA)It is a long-acting neuraminidase blocker, and its structure is obtained by coupling neuraminidase of influenza virus to human antibody fragment.(Fc）Proprietary variants of the domain, so as to achieve two completely different and complementary mechanisms.(Figure 3). This new method of preventing and treating virus infection is expected to provide universal protection throughout the flu season. By targeting highly conserved virus areas, CD388 can potentially protect individuals from all influenza strains, including seasonal and pandemic influenza A, influenza B and major drug-resistant viruses with clinical characteristics.（NCT05523089）.

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of CDD components. (Source: CIDARA Therapeutics)


2. Polymerase inhibitors（Polymerase Inhibitors）　

Influenza virus RNA polymerase is very important for virus gene transcription and genome replication, which makes it the main goal of targeted drug design. They are highly conserved among influenza A, B, C and D viruses.[7] Influenza virus RNA polymerase consists of three subunits: polymerase basic protein 1 in influenza A and B viruses. （PB1）Polymerase basic protein 2（PB2）And polymerase acidic protein.（PA）Or polymerase 3 protein in influenza viruses C and D.(P3) (Figure 4).

Fig. 4. Virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complex model. In vRNP, the 5′ and 3′ ends of genomic antisense virus RNA (vRNA) fragment are bound by heterotrimeric RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and the rest of vRNA is wrapped by nucleoprotein (NP). The complex is twisted into an antiparallel double helix structure, and its structure is maintained by the contact between NP monomers. The vRNA forms a loop opposite to the polymerase binding end 6. (Source: Nature)

The active sites of polymerase that bind, cleave and extend RNA are conserved in various types of influenza viruses, which is why RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is considered as the target of antiviral agents. Recently, several polymerase inhibitors have been developed for each subunit, including PB1 inhibitor favipiravir, PB2 inhibitor pimodivir and PA inhibitor baloxavir marboxil (Figure 5).

Among them, baloxavir marboxil is a relatively new drug, which belongs to hat-dependent endonuclease inhibitor.（cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor， CENI）, a new anti-influenza drug with a new mechanism of action initiated in recent 20 years, was developed by Shionogi.（Shionogi）First developed by Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., there is no equivalent generic drug, which has been proved to have similar symptom relief time and greater viral load reduction for healthy adults and oseltamivir.[8]　A retrospective study shows that baloxavir marboxil may reduce the hospitalization rate compared with neuraminidase inhibitors.[9]

Fig. 5. Chemical structure of anti-influenza drugs of RNA polymerase inhibitors.

The drug resistance of Baloxavir marboxil, Favipiravir and Pimodivir and other defects highlight the need to develop other polymerase targeting molecules that can widely inhibit influenza A and B viruses.

Pre-clinical studies on various PB2-targeted small molecules are under way.[10]　At least one of them（CC-42344） In the first stage（NCT05202379）, the other one（ZSP1273）In the third stage of research(NCT04024137) (Figure 7). Substitutes for nucleoside inhibitors of Favipiravir, such as molnupiravir.(Figure 6)Because it is effective against various RNA viruses, it may be beneficial to the treatment of influenza, but they may also have teratogenic side effects similar to Favipiravir, so Merck, its developer, finally gave up the development of influenza viruses and turned to Covid-19 for treatment.The development of PB1 inhibitors based on nucleoside and non-nucleoside is in preclinical stage.[11]　But there is no clinical trial at present.

Baloxavir marboxil obviously provides a broad idea for developing polymerase inhibitor anti-influenza drugs, and many patents and in vitro studies focus on compounds or variants of Baloxavir marboxil skeleton.[12] Although some of them have shown promising in vitro efficacy and pharmacodynamics in mice,[13]　However, candidate drugs such as AL-749 did not pass the Phase I test.

Cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor TG-1000 (Dongyangguang Pharmaceutical)And GP681(Jiangxi Qingfeng and Yinxingshu Pharmaceutical Co-developed)Recently completed the second phase of the experiment.（NCT04706468、NCT04736758), and the recruitment of ZX-7101A phase 1 research is under way.（NCT05217732）. Various small molecules and peptides that disrupt the important protein-protein interaction between components of polymerase complex, including the key contact between PA and PB1 or between PB1 and PB2, are in the preclinical development stage.[14]

Fig. 6. Chemical structure of a new polymerase inhibitor molnupiravir.

Fourth, the global market of anti-influenza drugs

According to the latest report released by Growth Plus Reports, the global influenza drug market is expected to reach US$ 1.51 billion by 2030, and it will grow at a compound annual growth rate of 4.8% during the forecast period. The number of influenza cases increases sharply every year, which is expected to promote the sustained growth of the influenza drug market.[15]

North America accounts for most of the global influenza drug market.The high diagnosis rate of influenza, the wider basis of drug discovery and development, the wide availability of treatment methods, and the more significant medical expenditure contribute to the dominant position of influenza drugs in the North American market. The Asia-Pacific region has the second largest market share of influenza drugs in the world. The high prevalence rate, the government’s measures to control diseases, and the increase in health care expenditure have affected this growth.

Due to the increasing incidence of diseases and the existence of considerable influenza-related risk factors in the general population, it is expected that the European market will also see significant growth. NCBI(National Biotechnology Information Center)According to a new study, there are 27,600 respiratory deaths related to seasonal influenza in 28 EU countries every winter, of which 88% are people over 65. The mortality rate of this age group is about 35 times that of people aged 65 and under.

The main participants in the development and sales of influenza drugs include: Sanofi, Lupin, Teva, Shionogi, Macleods, Alvogen, AstraZaneca, BioCryst, La Roche, Novartis, Vitaris, etc.

V. Summary　

Although it is not as ugly as SARS-CoV-2 virus, influenza virus also kills many people, and treating influenza is still an arduous challenge for human beings. Like other antiviral drugs, the development of influenza drugs faces the difficulty of virus resistance. Baloxavir marboxil is the first new drug, which shows activity against some oseltamivir-resistant strains, and there is no significant difference in safety and effectiveness from the recently known drugs used to treat influenza. The listing of Baloxavir marboxil also brings new opportunities for combined treatment with two drugs with different mechanisms of action. Although this kind of research has not been carried out systematically, it provides a valuable new direction for influenza treatment.

In addition to Baloxavir marboxil, there are many drugs under research at different clinical stages.(Figure 7)They will be optimized in pharmacology, drug resistance, pharmacokinetics, etc., and stand on the shoulders of a few influenza drugs at present to launch a unremitting struggle against influenza virus.

Fig. 7. Overview of anti-influenza drugs in development. (Source: Antiviral Research)

References:

[1] WHO. Influenza (Seasonal). 12， 01， 2023. ↑[] Jones， J. C. et al. Influenza antivirals and their role in pandemic preparedness. Antiviral Research. 2023， 210， 105499.　

[2] Influenza (Flu) Antiviral Drugs and Related Information. FDA. 08， 12， 2022.　　

[3] Monto， A. S. et al. Influenza pandemics: history and lessons learned. Webster， R. G. et al (Eds.)， Textbook of Influenza (2 ed.)， Wiley Blackwell， West Sussex， United Kingdom (2013)， pp. 20-36　　

[4] Sugaya， N. et al. Long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor laninamivir octanoate (CS-8958) versus oseltamivir as treatment for children with influenza virus infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2010， 54， 2575-2582

[5] Ivachtchenko， A. V. et al. Novel oral anti-influenza drug candidate AV5080. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2014， 69， 1892-1902.　　

[6] Peng， Q. et al. Structural insight into RNA synthesis by influenza D polymerase. Nat Microbiol. 2019， 4， 1750–1759.　　

[7] Hayden， F. G. et al. Baloxavir marboxil for uncomplicated influenza in adults and adolescentsN. Engl. J. Med. 2018， 379， 913-923.　

[8] Komeda， T. et al. Comparison of hospitalization incidence in influenza outpatients treated with baloxavir marboxil or neuraminidase inhibitors: a health insur ance claims database studyClin. Infect. Dis.， 2021， 73， e1181-e1190.　

[9] Chen， W. et al.　 Approaches for discovery of small-molecular antivirals targeting to influenza A virus PB2 subunit. Drug Discov. Today. 2022， 27， 1545-1553.　

[10] Hou， L. et al. Contemporary medicinal chemistry strategies for the discovery and optimization of influenza inhibitors targeting vRNP constituent proteins. Acta Pharm. Sin. B. 2022， 12， 1805-1824.　　

[11] Stevaert， A. et al. The influenza virus polymerase complex: an update on its structure， functions， and significance for antiviral drug design. Med. Res. Rev. 2016， 36， 1127-1173.　

[12] Ivashchenko， A. A. et al. Synthesis， inhibitory activity and oral dosing formulation of AV5124， the structural analogue of influenza virus endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2021， 76， 1010-1018.　

[13] Massari， S. et al. Inhibition of influenza virus polymerase by interfering with its protein-protein interactions. ACS Infect. Dis. 2021， 7， 1332-1350.

[14] Influenza Medication Market – Global Outlook & Forecast 2022-2030. Growth Plus. 11， 10， 2022.　

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:With freehand brushwork biotech (Biotech(ID：TXYBiotech), author: Yang Yi

During the epidemic period, the import and export trade volume of cross-border e-commerce has not decreased, but has become an important force to stabilize foreign trade.

　 　　　Cctv newsOn January 14th, the State Council held a press conference on import and export in 2020. Li Kuiwen, spokesperson of the General Administration of Customs and director of the Statistics and Analysis Department, introduced at the meeting that in 2020, as an emerging trade format, the import and export trade volume of cross-border e-commerce showed signs of rising instead of falling during the epidemic, becoming an important force for stabilizing foreign trade. China Customs has been actively adapting to and promoting the development of cross-border e-commerce, constantly innovating and optimizing the supervision system, and supporting the orderly development of new formats such as cross-border e-commerce.

　　First, comprehensively promote the regulatory measures for the return of cross-border e-commerce export commodities. Optimize cross-border e-commerce retail import return measures, solve the problem of difficult return of cross-border e-commerce export commodities, and fully support cross-border e-commerce export enterprises to "sell the world". Optimize cross-border e-commerce retail import return measures to help enterprises overcome the impact of logistics delays caused by the epidemic and help enterprises improve their after-sales service system.

　　The second is to innovate and carry out cross-border e-commerce business-to-business (B2B) export pilot. The trade mode of "9710" ("business-to-business direct export from cross-border electronic commerce" is applicable to the goods directly exported by cross-border e-commerce) and "9810" ("cross-border electronic commerce exports overseas warehouses" is applicable to the goods exported by cross-border e-commerce) has been piloted in 22 directly affiliated customs offices, such as Beijing, and the innovative achievements of cross-border e-commerce supervision have been extended from B2C to B2B, with supporting measures to facilitate customs clearance. Pilot enterprises can apply customs clearance facilitation measures such as "one-time registration, one-point docking, priority inspection, allowing transit and facilitating return".

　　The third is to expand and smooth cross-border e-commerce logistics channels. Affected by the epidemic, in 2020, international flights were suspended and classes were reduced in a large area, and the traditional transport capacity plummeted. The General Administration of Customs promptly issued ten measures to support the development of China-Europe trains, and supported the use of China-Europe train capacity to carry out cross-border transportation services such as e-commerce and mail. During the epidemic, the Customs supported the postal department to open temporary postal routes for entry and exit, and opened 15 temporary exit ports and 13 temporary entry ports, actively transporting inbound and outbound mail and cross-border e-commerce goods, and fully ensuring the stability of the industrial chain supply chain.

　　Fourth, make every effort to ensure the orderly customs clearance of cross-border e-commerce peak commodities such as "double 11". In 2020, cross-border e-commerce grew rapidly, with 2.45 billion votes of import and export lists cleared through the customs cross-border electronic commerce management platform, up 63.3% year-on-year. During the "double 11" in 2020, the country handled a total of 52.27 million import and export lists through the customs cross-border e-commerce import and export unified version system, an increase of 25.5% over the previous year; The peak value of processing list reached 3407 votes/second, an increase of 113.2%, and all indicators reached new highs.

　　The fifth is to improve cross-border e-commerce statistics. The General Administration of Customs has made full use of China’s "Electronic Commerce Law" and the definition of cross-border e-commerce by the World Customs Organization to explore and establish a statistical system for cross-border e-commerce. According to the preliminary statistics of the customs, in 2020, the import and export of cross-border e-commerce in China was 1.69 trillion yuan, up by 31.1%, of which 1.12 trillion yuan was exported, up by 40.1%, and 0.57 trillion yuan was imported, up by 16.5%.

Does the flu ＂magic medicine＂ have a miraculous effect？ Health and Health Commission’s response： Any medicine has its limitations, so it is necessary to prevent drug abuse.

　　Cctv newsOn January 25th, a press conference was held in National Health Commission to introduce the prevention and control of infectious diseases in winter and spring and the prevention and response of common diseases during festivals. Song Shuli, spokesperson of the National Health and Wellness Committee and deputy director of the Propaganda Department, said in response to a reporter’s question that any drug must be targeted, have indications and have limitations. Guo Yanhong, deputy director of the Medical Administration and Hospital Authority of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said that early diagnosis and treatment are advocated for influenza.

　　journalistNow there is a flu medicine,In many reports and in the eyes of patients’ parents, oseltamivir is a miraculous drug for influenza. How to treat the role of oseltamivir in anti-influenza reasonably?

　　Song Shuli: meI don’t quite agree with the so-called "magic medicine". What is "magic medicine"? We are against this concept.Any medicine must be targeted, have indications and have limitations. The field of health is very professional and policy-oriented. I hope everyone can gradually become an expert in this field.

　　Guo yanhongAny medication must have indications, and the flu diagnosis and treatment plan has its indications for the use of various drugs.

　　We advocate early diagnosis and treatment of influenza.Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the severity and complications earlier. "oseltamivir" can play a very good role in the use of influenza within 48 hours, so our diagnosis and treatment plan especially advocates early antiviral treatment within 48 hours. Of course, there are many antiviral drugs, including oseltamivir and other drugs, which have different indications.

　　We especially advocate in diagnosis and treatment.It is necessary to systematically standardize medication., according to the corresponding indications, the corresponding dosage and time. At the same time, strengthen medication guidance for patients and their families,It is necessary to guard against both drug shortage and drug abuse.