[Huawei’s smart driving has attracted attention! Recently, Zhijie S7 opened for pre-sale, which is the first vehicle equipped with HarmonyOS Smart Cockpit 4.0, and HarmonyOS Zhixing Alliance will be established on the same day. It is reported that the main carrier of HarmonyOS Zhixing is the HarmonyOS cockpit. In the future, the functions of the intelligent cockpit will be more diverse, and the subdivision track including PCB, on-board display, domain controller, cockpit chip and optics and acoustics of man-vehicle interaction function is expected to develop rapidly.
标签： 阿拉上海后花园
The Ministry of Science and Technology has delayed stamping the approved project. What happened to the CDC？
Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay
Foreword
The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has alerted the scientific community to the urgency and importance of in-depth research on new viruses. However, a special investigation on basic resources aimed at finding the virulent pathogens of natural foci in China has been approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology, but recently it has been unable to get the approval of funds due to the delay in stamping by the higher authorities.
It is noteworthy that Zhang Yongzhen’s team was one of the earliest teams in China to detect Covid-19, and it was the first to publish the Covid-19 gene sequence on the Internet on January 11th this year.
Author | Wang Yiwei
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one
The application for stamping has not been approved for more than two months.
"Never (it has been delayed for so long). This is an unimaginable situation." On August 4, Yang Shoushan (a pseudonym), a professor at a domestic university, told Intellectuals on the phone.
Yang Shoushan is a scientist who studies marine viruses in China. This year, he will work with 55 other researchers from 9 domestic units to carry out a project called "Scientific Investigation of Virus Resources of Major Natural Focuses in China" (hereinafter referred to as "Virus Resources Investigation").
This project is one of the 27 basic resources investigation projects proposed and established by the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2019. According to the documents of the Ministry of Science and Technology, 27 special projects are basic work oriented to scientific goals and national strategic needs, and will be appointed as executors from the declared scientific research teams [1].
On December 16, 2019, the Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (hereinafter referred to as the Institute of Infectious Diseases) in Changping, Beijing was approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology to take the lead in undertaking the special investigation of virus resources. The project leader was Zhang Yongzhen, a researcher and virologist of the Institute, with a project budget of 13.58 million yuan.
The special project was originally planned to be launched in January this year. Due to the epidemic situation in COVID-19, the time for submitting the project task book to the Ministry of Science and Technology can be postponed to May.
Yang Shoushan told Intellectuals that on May 27th, the project team submitted an application for seal to its superior unit, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (hereinafter referred to as China CDC), but until the beginning of August, the task book of this special project was still not submitted to the Ministry of Science and Technology, because the task book was still audited by China CDC. In sharp contrast, the other 26 projects in the same period have submitted task books.
Yang Shoushan said that submitting the paper version of the project task book is the last step before obtaining the approval of the Ministry of Science and Technology. The task book needs to be submitted to the recommending unit and stamped with the official seal of the recommending unit, and then submitted to the Ministry of Science and Technology. The recommendation unit of this project is the National Health and Wellness Committee.
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What’s the reason for not stamping?
Why has the project applied by China CDC been "delayed" for so long? Yang Shoushan said it was difficult to understand.
"As long as it is established, signing the task book is a process. (The Institute of Infectious Diseases and the Science and Technology Office of China CDC) are all in the same yard, and it will be completed in one day."
Yang Shoushan introduced the detailed process of the project team after submitting the seal application.
First, on June 9th, China CDC returned Zhang Yongzhen’s seal application to the Institute of Infectious Diseases, and raised three questions about written documents.
On June 18th, Zhang Yongzhen’s project team was asked by the Institute of Infectious Diseases to give answers to three questions. On the same day, Zhang Yongzhen’s project team gave a reply. Since then, the information handed in has been like a stone, and there has been no feedback.
The documents obtained by Intellectuals show that there are three problems in the written document proposed by China CDC, including that the cover of the task book is not stamped with the official seal of the legal person, and the objectives and indicators in the task book of sub-project 1 are inconsistent with the declaration, and it is required to review whether the undertaking unit of sub-project 1 of the project can carry out virulent virus research.
"The first question is that you didn’t stamp it. Isn’t that a lie? It’s clearly stamped on it"; Yang Shoushan said, "It is also said that the contract assessment indicators are inconsistent and actually consistent; Our work does not involve virus culture, and we don’t need P3 (qualification). We all do inactivated viruses. " He said that the electronic version of the task book was submitted to the Ministry of Science and Technology for approval before the final stamping process, and the Ministry of Science and Technology could not modify it after the review.
On July 3rd, the Institute of Infectious Diseases once again asked the project team to provide the task contract of Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention (hereinafter referred to as Wuhan CDC), one of the participating units of the project, otherwise the follow-up process could not be carried out.
Yang Shoushan told Intellectuals that the project involves the cooperation of nine units, and Wuhan CDC is one of them. It was originally responsible for the collection of some samples and needed to sign a sub-task contract with the Institute of Infectious Diseases. However, on January 12 this year, Wuhan CDC announced that it would terminate its cooperation with Zhang Yongzhen’s team and stop participating in the "virus resource investigation" project. The above opinions also appeared in a written material stamped with the official seal of Wuhan CDC seen by Intellectuals.
Yang Shoushan said that the withdrawal of Wuhan CDC "will not affect the progress of the project", and at the end of April, the Ministry of Science and Technology had been informed and agreed to take the withdrawal process, that is, the project team could submit the stamped task book with explanatory materials for the record, but the Infectious Diseases Institute replied that Wuhan CDC could not submit the task book for review if it did not give the contract.
"In fact, I just found an excuse not to leave the process." Yang Shoushan believes that the Institute of Infectious Diseases is the lead unit of the project, and the China CDC is the superior unit. It is unreasonable to "card yourself": "For example, if you sell a machine to others, you have to change a part, which will not affect the function. The buyers all agreed, and your father said no, not to sell. "
As of press time, neither China CDC nor Institute of Infectious Diseases responded to the inquiry of Intellectuals about this matter.
In the same period, the person in charge of another basic resource investigation project told Intellectuals that the project they undertook had been submitted with the task book sealed by the recommending unit in May, and the Ministry of Science and Technology had also started to contact the team on financial matters. In early July, the project held a kick-off meeting and started work. He said that he had never heard of the submission of similar project cards in the task book before.
"Intellectuals" learned from different sources that 27 research projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology, 26 of which have been submitted with official seals, have gone through the formalities. According to public information [4], four simultaneous projects led by the Institute of Zoology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, First Institute of Oceanography of Ministry of Natural Resources, Pearl River Water Conservancy Research Institute and other institutions have held kick-off meetings to mark the start of the projects.
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To prevent new outbreaks, virus investigation should be preceded.
In Yang Shoushan’s view, the virus investigation project is "urgent". Outbreaks like Covid-19 have caused incalculable losses to society and individuals, and all the new outbreaks of infectious diseases in China since 2000 have come from wild animals. Knowing the virus distribution in nature in advance is the first step to prevent new outbreaks.
Previously, Shi Zhengli, a researcher at Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, also called for [3] that pathogen monitoring is very important to prevent coronavirus from entering human society. "We can monitor these viruses that exist in nature, take the initiative to find patients, assess risks, warn in advance, and move the barrier of prevention forward at a little cost. Find the virus before it finds us. "
"Teacher Zhang Yongzhen has always advocated to find out the family background, to know the number, distribution and law of viruses in natural foci in China, and to achieve early detection, early analysis and early warning of the epidemic after finding out this. This is the purpose of our team." Yang Shoushan said. The project is expected to last for 60 months. It will investigate the viruses carried by wild animals on land and in the sea of China, analyze the genome characteristics of more than 150 new viruses with 450 subtypes, identify potential pathogenic strains, and finally establish a standardized national animal sample and virus resource library.
As a researcher at the Institute of Infectious Diseases, Zhang Yongzhen currently works in institutes of biomedical sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centers. He and his team have been engaged in the discovery and research of new viruses for a long time, and have discovered more than 2,000 new viruses. Yang Shoushan introduced that Zhang Yongzhen’s team has maintained a cooperative relationship with Wuhan CDC for more than ten years, analyzing and studying the samples of patients with unexplained pneumonia and fever provided by Wuhan CDC.
On January 5th, Zhang Yongzhen’s team detected Covid-19 in the samples sent by Wuhan CDC and reported it to Shanghai Health and Health Commission and National Health Commission and other competent authorities. On January 11th, the team released the gene sequence of Covid-19 for the first time in Virological.org, a forum on virus evolution analysis and epidemiology. [5]
"We also know that some leaders are unhappy with some of our achievements and feel that they have disrupted their plans … but this matter has already passed. This project was established in 19 years, and it is totally irrelevant to the epidemic. As a result, we are also very angry about using these to cheat, "Yang Shoushan said." But now we are also adjusting our mentality and doing things well. "
Although it has not been approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology for the time being, some key research can not be stopped, such as the collection of marine viruses. April-June is the key period for going to sea. In order not to delay the progress, Yang Shoushan, who is in charge of marine virus collection, can only use the surplus funds of other projects to go to sea first. However, until the end of the scientific research project on July 8, there was still no progress in the sealing of the task book.
Zhang Yongzhen’s project team has contacted the Institute of Infectious Diseases and China CDC for many times, and Yang Shoushan also made a voice in Weibo in mid-June to disclose the situation of the project being blocked, but none of them got an effective response. At present, the project is "closed" on the website of the Ministry of Science and Technology, indicating that the time for submitting the task book has passed. Some preparatory work for the project is already under way, but due to lack of funds, some research groups may not use the remaining project funds to advance the work first.
On August 1st, the project team held a kick-off meeting to cheer everyone up. "Without funds, the work will continue," Yang Shoushan said. He said that in the end, he hoped that the project book could be stamped as soon as possible and submitted to the Ministry of Science and Technology.
Plate making editor | Pipi Fish
Dialect is the ＂big killer＂ for adding color to novels.
Because of these dialect writing, novels in different regions have different faces, different voices, or Wunong soft language, or Shaanxi dialect Jin language, abandoning the one side of thousands of people and different regions, thus having different tastes.
Reporter | He Yingyu
Dialect is the soul of a place.
Blossoms Shanghai introduced the Shanghainese dialect into the text, and the words and deeds of Shanghainese jumped from the page. In fact, as early as before Blossoms Shanghai, in the late Qing Dynasty, novels such as Biography of Flowers on the Sea and He Dian had incorporated Wu dialect into their novels, making their novels more agile and more life-like. This tradition was once forgotten by people until the publication of Blossoms Shanghai, and the new territory of Wu novels was continued.
Dialect writing is certainly not a patent in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai postal areas. Writers in northwest China, Sichuan and Yunnan are also keenly aware that the dialect in their hometown is a great killer, and it can add a lot of color to the novel if used well.
What local characteristics does dialect writing bring to the novel? Because of these dialect writing, novels in different regions have different faces, different voices, or Wunong soft language, or Shaanxi dialect Jin language, abandoning the one side of thousands of people and different regions, thus having different tastes.
China’s First Dialect Novel
Left: Han Bangqing’s Biography of Flowers on the Sea is the first dialect novel. Right: One of Li Jieren’s "trilogy of river novels": "A stagnant water ripples".
Biographies of Flowers on the Sea written by Han Bangqing in the late Qing Dynasty is China’s first dialect novel. It was originally called Spring and Autumn of the Flower Country, also known as Drawing a Treasure Mirror of a Brothel, and Drawing the Romance of a Brothel on the Sea. The book has 64 chapters and was first published in 1894. The main content of this novel is to write about the brothel life in Shanghai Shili Foreign Market in the late Qing Dynasty, involving the officialdom, business circles and the social level connected with it. When Han Bangqing wrote this novel, he said, "This book was written for exhortation". In the book, many vivid images of prostitutes and clients were portrayed by the experience of Zhao Puzhai’s family. The dialogues of the characters in the book are all in Suzhou dialect, which is lively and creates a precedent for dialect novels. Zhang Ailing loves this book very much. She once translated it into English and Mandarin, and the Mandarin version was renamed Flowers on the Sea, which is divided into two parts: Flowers on the Sea and Flowers on the Sea. Zhang Ailing also said: "The Marriage of Awakening the World and Flowers on the Sea are both the best realistic works. I often feel unfair for them, and I always feel that they should be world masterpieces. " It can be said that it is a very high evaluation.
Hu Shi believes that Su Bai’s literature originated in the Ming Dynasty, but Su Bai is in a subordinate position, whether it is the role of speaking Bai in legend or singing Bai in Tanci. It was not until Biography of Flowers on the Sea was born that Su Bai was widely used in the book. Since then, Su Bai’s subordinate position has changed, and Su Bai literature was formally established. Hu Shi said: "Flowers on the Sea is the first masterpiece of Wu literature. The formal establishment of Su Bai’s literature starts with Flowers on the Sea. Han Ziyun and his Biography of Flowers on the Sea have really opened up a new situation for China literature. I hope they (Wu-speaking literati) will continue to develop this mature trend of Wu-speaking literature. The victory of Flowers on the Sea is not only the author’s personal victory, but also the victory of the movement of Wu literature. "
After Biography of Flowers on the Sea, Wu novels frequently appeared. Although Biography of Flowers on the Sea is "the first masterpiece of Wu literature", it is considered as a "lost masterpiece", that is, Hu Shi only dares to make a conclusion that "the literary value has finally attracted the appreciation and imitation of a few scholars". The achievement of Biography of Flowers on the Sea is not only that "the work of writing Su Bai greatly reduces the difficulty for later generations to write Su Bai literature", but also that its unique bilingual system takes Mandarin as the narrative language and dialect as the dialogue of characters, which combines the vivid description of Mandarin with the vivid description of people in dialects in one book, which has both advantages and disadvantages, thus causing the later scholars to follow suit, setting off the climax of Wu Yu novels in the late Qing Dynasty, and determining the basic features of Wu Yu novels involving many narrow evils. In addition, the word "shou" created by Biography of Flowers on the Sea has been used up to now and has been included in the dictionary of Wu dialect, which is also a great contribution of Biography of Flowers on the Sea to Wu literature.
The representative of Sichuan local literature
Some people say that Li Jieren’s novels must be read in Sichuan dialect.
As a representative of Sichuan local literature, Li Jieren "lives in a humble abode" between Bashan and Shushui, and depicts the warmth and coldness of human feelings in the land of abundance with simple Sichuan dialect and unique narrative style. From the time he published his first literary work at the age of 21 to his death at the age of 71, Li Jieren published four novels, four novellas and more than 30 short stories, and also wrote plays and a large number of local chronicles. Except for the novella Sympathy, which describes French students studying abroad, almost all his works are based on Bashu, describing Bashu social customs, telling stories of Bashu people and showing Bashu cultural interests with dialect vocabulary.
From 1935 to 1937, Li Jieren published "Trilogy of River Novels", including "Stagnant Water", "Before the Storm" and "Big Wave", which left a deep impression in the history of China literature. It is worth mentioning that among these popular works, Sichuan dialect is a highlight. Li Jieren is the first writer of Sichuan vernacular novels, and his novels use more Sichuan dialect words, which is groundbreaking. Li Jieren’s innovation lies in consciously describing Chengdu people and Chengdu stories in Sichuan dialect.
There are many words in Sichuan dialect that are divorced from classical Chinese. Li Jieren skillfully transplanted Sichuan dialect into literary creation, which is full of charm and refreshing. These words, which are closely related to the daily life of Bashu, describe a scene full of life flavor to readers. Dialect words such as Youda (meat dishes), Chongkezi (chatting) and Maozi (being assassinated) are often found in his works. In addition, Li Jieren is even familiar with Sichuan Paoge’s slang, such as opening Hongshan (killing people at random), helping others (helping others), fat pig (kidnapped people), rising water (critical situation), etc., which is used more when describing specific characters, bringing readers into the Jianghu world of Bashu.
Li Jieren naturally knows the difference between foreign language and native language, but it is strange that he chose the most native dialect in his writing. In fact, this shows his language consciousness. Li Jieren dabbled in Sichuan local and historical themes, and he chose to write in Sichuan dialect, which has a unique charm in characterization and story telling. Dialect writing is vivid, lively and thorough. Reading Li Jieren’s novels often amazes him for his proper use of Sichuan dialect, which can be described as delicious and wonderful, but not in another language. In fact, Li Jieren also kept the most vivid Sichuan dialect in his works, and gave literature a spiritual and free soil to prevent it from being eroded by normative language. This is not narrow-mindedness, but a contribution to literature.
Shaanxi dialect is simple and heavy.
Shaanxi dialect is simple and heavy, such as Chen Zhongshi’s White Deer Plain, Jia Pingwa’s Shaanxi Opera and Chen Yan’s novel The Protagonist, which is an open writing based on life and tradition, drawing materials and nutrition from life and the smallest livelihood.
"White Deer Plain" is all about people and things in Guanzhong, so the author chooses to use a large number of Guanzhong dialects. For example, say "dark room" at night, the house is called "mansion house", and the afternoon is called "afternoon". These languages with Shaanxi characteristics have become the finishing touch in White Deer Plain, which is impressive.
Similarly, Jia Pingwa grew up in Shangluo area, and his growing environment deeply influenced his language expression, which fully reflected the strong emotional color in Jia Pingwa’s language works. A large number of localized languages-Shangluo dialect were used in the creation of Qinqiang Opera. Shangluo dialect belongs to northern dialect in essence, which is very similar to Mandarin in expression and can arouse readers’ emotional resonance. In addition to using a large number of Shangluo languages, a large number of proverbs and sayings are also used in the creation of this work, which plays a very important role in expressing the profound connotation of the work. For example, "What I hate most is winter. People are not alive in their hearts, but they are cold. I only have to lift stones in Qiligou with my head stuffy." "You are used to listening to the Qin opera in the tweeter, and sometimes you feel bored, but once you can’t hear it, your heart is empty and you feel lonely in your ears and mouth." Among them, "accepting life" means comfortable and comfortable in the local people, and "few" means little and tasteless. These words scattered among the people seem to be "rustic", but with the author’s flexible application, they are endowed with new vitality and vitality, which can make readers fully feel the quaint and civilized language of the works and enhance the vitality of the articles.
Above: Chen Yan and his novel The Protagonist written in Shaanxi dialect.
In 2019, the winners of the 10th Mao Dun Literature Prize were announced, and the work "The Protagonist" by Shaanxi writer Chen Yan was on the list. This book is based on the memory of Qin E’s half-life acting career, involving the vast sentient beings’ mode and the changes of the times since the reform and opening up 40 years ago, and showing the true appearance of "human" in the interlacing of life and traditional culture, society and individual.
The protagonist is also praised by the Shaanxi dialect in the dialogue of the characters:
"Singing in an opera is to see how your kung fu and voice are, not how you dress. Even if you dress up in a glazed leather palm, what’s the use of lifting your feet to make a cold skin and opening your mouth to make a pack of cigarettes? "
"A ditch knows that you are doing well in the provincial capital and have great fame. That fame is the door and the way. Even the people who can’t compete with you in the group have made a windfall and bought a Rolls Royce. If you want to make a fortune, don’t be sloppy. "
Talking about the characteristics of Shaanxi dialect in the novel, Chen Yan told reporters: "Now our novel writing is more in the language of translation. After urbanization, there are fewer and fewer rural memories and regional cultural memories. We look at China’s traditional novels, whether it’s Jin Ping Mei, A Dream of Red Mansions or Water Margin The Journey to the West, and there are many local dialects that we don’t understand today, so we need experts to annotate them. But even if we can’t understand them at once, when we try to figure out the meaning of these words, we will find them very wonderful. I am rereading Four Great Classical Novels again this year, and I have been thinking about the language repeatedly. It should be said that there are many languages with regional and national characteristics, which are very interesting to read. When I write about Sanqin culture, I must use the local dialect. I think language is the biggest feature of a place, just like a traditional opera, if it doesn’t use dialects, this kind of drama will not exist. Now some troupes are exploring, and it is suicide to call it that kind of drama in Mandarin. The same is true of novels. I want to pursue the aesthetics of China, the nation and the traditional literature of China, and always have some characteristics in language. If I follow the crowd, the novel will be tasteless to read. The use of dialect slang in novels is a good tradition. When we read such classics as Water Margin, we often marvel at those vivid dialects. In my novel and drama creation, I always insist on salvaging some local dialects and proverbs that are about to be lost. I think it will be more appropriate to write about which side of the country, water, soil and people, and to express it in which side’s language and habits. The language of novels must be vivid and vivid,It should be more like talking, a narrative style that sticks to the land. "
Witchcraft in Yunnan
In 2023, Xinxing Publishing House published a collection of short stories by young writer Jiao Dian, Peacock Bodhi.
Above: Young writer Jiao Dian’s masterpiece Peacock Bodhi has a strong breath of Yunnan rainforest.
In the gap between cities, there is a large rainforest. One foot in, here the elephant is light, the crocodile is merciful, and time breaks free from linear rules and flows at will. There is really a six-legged horse here, and there is a relic in the horseshoe, which flies to the sky when riding; There is a Mulan boat here, and there is no need to prepare paddles. Half a cup of rice wine is drunk and floats far along the river. Even if you break your leg and walk for two moons in a wooden wheelchair, you can return to your home in the Woods. Of course there are women here. They can understand the rainforest, and they are too smart and brave. I can’t control anyone, whether riding a horse or riding a boat. As long as my legs are still in my body, they will definitely run …
Turning to Jiao Dian’s Peacock Bodhi, Yunnan Rainforest is in sight. Born in Jiaodian, Yunnan Province in 1996, he was admitted to Beijing Normal University in 2021, majoring in literary creation, and studied under the famous writer Mo Yan. However, her writing seems to have nothing to do with her teacher. Her writing is her writing, coming from Yunnan, her hometown.
Jiao Dian’s writing has always been like "Suni" or "Bimo" in her hometown of Yunnan (Yi people refer to witches or priests), trying to "channel" in that "frontier" world. She said that she never took the initiative to "choose" Yunnan as the location of the story. It was Yunnan that chose her and Yunnan came to her with its breath and story.
When talking about the use of dialects, Jiao Dian told reporters: "Our generation is actually a generation of Putonghua, and the popularity of Putonghua is absolutely good in all aspects. But for literature,’ standard’,’ common’ and’ same’ are just some taboos. This does not mean that we should go back to the ancients and speak with the ancient accent, nor do we mean that we should only speak dialects and engage in the mountainism of language. The fundamental direction should be the free expression of words and things, which is a free spirit. Of course, in specific works, excessive and too crude use of dialects will bring obstacles to reading, so it is necessary to change, not to use local dialects and dialects directly, but to use classical vernacular and dialects on the basis of written common language and Putonghua. What I hope is that even if I am not from Yunnan or Southwest, it will not affect the reading of novels. In this respect, I need to continue to improve. "
Jiao Dian believes that it is not so much a writing style for Yunnan that it is better to say that Yunnan’s local conditions have allocated these characters. Some people think that her writing is very poetic, and she thinks that this is the mountain road in Yunnan. When she was walking, a sharp corner suddenly appeared, and then there was a big turn. Suddenly she met a deep and wide cave, threw a stone into it, and heard an echo after a long time. The strangeness of natural scenery is the strangeness of words.
Reporting/feedback
What is the production and sales situation of cherries this year？ Has ＂cherry freedom＂ been realized？
Farmer Daily China Rural Network reporter Hou Yajie
In June, the fruit market season was concentrated, and the "fruit plates" of the people became more and more abundant. Domestic cherries, known as the "nobility" of fruits, also "fly into the homes of ordinary people". As the temperature rises gradually, many citizens are pleasantly surprised to find that the price of cherries has dropped from more than 100 yuan per catty at the time of listing to about 30 yuan.
Crisp, sweet, delicious, full and juicy, cherry has become the "king" of the fruit market. Compared with other fruits in the same season, the price of cherry is "riding the dust", which is equivalent to that of durian and mangosteen, while the prices of bayberry and litchi are all below that of cherry, and the value of domestic cherry even crushes foreign cherries.
At present, cherries planted in various places are listed one after another. What is the situation at both ends of cherry production and sales this year? Can cherry freedom be realized? To this end, the reporter conducted an investigation.
The price dropped earlier, but it was at a high level compared with last year.
At three o’clock in the morning, there was an endless stream of buyers in the cherry sales area of Beijing Xinfadi Agricultural Products Wholesale Market in Fengtai District, Beijing. Liu Xiaoyue, the "king of cherries" in Xinfadi, was in full swing. Before seven o’clock, her family’s 15,000 Jin of cherries had been sold out.
"Every day at five o’clock in the morning, fruit farmers start picking in cherry orchard. At ten o’clock in the evening, fresh cherries from Dalian, Liaoning Province can enter the Xinfadi market, and the next morning they can enter the ‘ Fruit plate ’ 。” Liu Xiaoyue told reporters that with the large number of greenhouse cherries in Dalian and open-air cherries in Shandong, the varieties of cherries are much richer than when they were first listed during the Spring Festival, including Meizao from Dalian, red light from Shandong and Russian No.8.
With a large number of cherries on the market, the price keeps falling.
"The price of cherries in Dalian facilities greenhouses is higher, the wholesale price is around 35 yuan/kg, and the price of open-air cherries in Shandong is lower, at 10-15 yuan/kg." Zhang Xiaoyue said that the price of cherries has dropped a lot since it was first listed. In March, the wholesale price of domestic cherries can reach more than 100 yuan per catty. With the large number of open-air cherries listed in Shandong, the price of cherries will further fall in June. "At that time, our purchase volume will also increase, which may reach about 20,000 kilograms per day."
In addition to the time to market, whether the tastes of different cherry varieties can meet the taste buds of consumers has also become a factor affecting the price of cherries.
"The most popular variety at present is Meizao." Zhang Xiaoyue said that Meizao is crisp and not soft, and the meat is thick and juicy. No matter the shape or taste, it can be "shoulder to shoulder" with cherries. Regardless of the early greenhouse or the acquired land, the price is much higher than other varieties, compared with the "sweet and sour mouth". The red light is more than ten to twenty yuan higher.
Located in the Million Fresh Fruits Supermarket in Xicheng District, Beijing, there are different kinds of cherries on the shelves. Fang Yongsheng, the person in charge of the supermarket, told the reporter that in the past few years, the sales situation of cherries was hot, which was more favored by consumers. This year, the sales volume of cherries in supermarkets increased significantly, and the early price of cherries was higher than last year. "We go to Xinfadi market to purchase goods at 10 o’clock every night, and fresh cherries are put on the supermarket shelves at 4 o’clock in the morning. Buy three or four hundred kilograms a day and sell out on the same day. " Fang Yongsheng said.
The income is considerable, and the growers have high enthusiasm for planting.
There are also growers who feel that the cherry market is "hot". "Because consumption is picking up and the market demand is large, more and more people come to Dalian to collect cherries this year, and the price is much higher than in previous years. Last year, the price was around 45-50 yuan/kg on March 10, and this year the price reached 80-85 yuan/kg." Yu Guiyao, chairman of Guiyao Agricultural Cooperative in Pulandian District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, said.
"Now the price of cherries and the economic benefits of planting cherries are considerable." Yu Guiyao calculated an account for the reporter: a greenhouse with a length of 100 meters and a width of 12 meters and an area of 2 mu costs about 300,000 yuan to build, and the cost of chemical fertilizer, pesticides and labor for planting cherries is about 15,000 yuan a year. If it is well managed, the net income of a greenhouse can reach 150,000 yuan a year.
Yu Guiyao’s cooperative began to develop cherry planting in 2017, and also provided technical services to neighboring farmers through the "cooperative+farmer" model, and unified sales. The planting area has grown from 50 mu at the beginning to 300 mu now. "Now there are more and more cooperative members and more and more clients. It is tiring to grow vegetables in the greenhouse, and you can see real income by planting cherries." Yu Guiyao said.
I came to cherry orchard, located in the home of Qi Yuanmin, a cherry grower in Yanyan Town, Yiyuan County, Shandong Province. Looking around, red cherries were covered with branches in the lush "green sea".
"This year, it has sold more than 10,000 kilograms. The yield of cherries is about 2,000 kilograms per mu, and the income of one mu of land can be more than 20,000." Qi Yuanmin began to plant cherries in 1990s. At present, there are 5 mu of open-air cherry orchard and 15 mu of cherry in greenhouse. "At the end of March, greenhouse cherries began to go on the market, and open-air cherries went on the market in May, which can be sold until June. The income of planting cherries is stronger than that of planting apples. " Qi Yuanmin said with a smile.
"This year is a bumper harvest year, and cherries are growing well." Qin Wei, chairman of Yanya Town People’s Congress, told the reporter that last spring, the cherry blossom was in full bloom, and the persistent high temperature weather caused the cherry blossom to wither rapidly, which seriously affected the fruit setting rate and caused a large-scale reduction in production. Overall, there was no extreme weather this year, and the cherry yield also increased significantly. "Take the red light as an example. This year, the average yield per mu has reached about 2,500 Jin, and the price of fine fruit is around 15 yuan/Jin. The price has dropped by about 25% year-on-year, but the output has increased by about 212.5% year-on-year, and the income per mu has increased by at least 10,000 yuan compared with last year." Qin Wei said.
The market gap is large, and high quality is the core competitiveness.
"Never worry about selling, cracked fruits are in demand." Yu Guiyao told reporters that in recent years, consumers’ acceptance of big cherries has become higher and higher, and the value of cherries has also crushed cherries. Before the year, the price of cherries was 300 yuan /10 kg, while the price of big cherries was 300 yuan/kg, which was still in short supply.
In fact, a few years ago, domestic cherries were once neglected, and many consumers preferred imported cherries. In recent years, with the improvement of the quality and yield of domestic cherries and the decline of prices, the market share of domestic cherries has been increasing.
"Domestic cherries have local advantages. It takes more than a month for cherries to be picked from trees and then returned to consumers. The domestic cherry production area is close to the consumer market, which meets the requirements of consumers for freshness. " Yu Guiyao told reporters that domestic cherries do not need any preservation treatment, and Guangdong and other places can arrive at the latest in two days.
The reporter learned that after more than 20 years of rapid development, China’s cherry cultivation area and output have increased rapidly. In addition to the traditional main producing areas in Shandong and Liaoning, Hebei, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other cold highland areas are also actively developing planning, and gradually forming new producing areas such as Tongchuan, Shaanxi, Tianshui, Gansu, Hanyuan, Sichuan and Beijing suburbs.
According to industry insiders, in recent years, with the upgrading of consumption, consumers’ demand for cherries, especially high-quality cherries, has become stronger and stronger. However, at present, there is still a big gap in China’s cherry market, and the situation of partial dependence on imports will not change in the short term due to the limitations of varieties, seasons and the storage-resistant characteristics of cherries.
In order to meet consumers’ demand for high-quality cherries, the producing areas are being actively explored.
"Variety is the key to determine the quality of cherries." Qin Wei told reporters that in order to upgrade cherry varieties, Yiyuan introduced varieties with high recognition from consumers, such as Luying Series, Dalian Honeydew and Russian No.8. At the same time, the quality and yield of cherries can be further improved by developing dwarf close planting by grafting dwarf rootstocks. "
Some producing areas began to develop seedlings. This year, under the recommendation of Dalian Pulandian District Committee, Dalian Guiyao Agricultural Cooperative tracked 15 new varieties and raised 150,000 seedlings. "On the one hand, raising seedlings can introduce new varieties to prepare for cherry regeneration; On the other hand, we can also cultivate new tree types and strive to achieve mechanized operations in the future. " Yu Guiyao told reporters that at the beginning, there were many varieties of cherries. Now, because Meizao tastes good and is welcomed by consumers, it is planted in one shed, but Meizao also has shortcomings, and it is easy to crack and soft. "Today, the price of the United States is not as good as before. When the price was good in the past, the lowest price was around 200 yuan/kg. Now the early price can reach two or three hundred yuan, but overall it is around 50 yuan/kg." Yu Guiyao said.
As the saying goes, cherries are delicious, but trees are hard to plant. Only scientific management can increase production and income. "In terms of water and fertilizer, more organic fertilizers such as bacterial fertilizer should be applied; In management, it is necessary to ensure the spacing between cherry trees and prune them in time; At the same time, ventilation should be ensured in the greenhouse, and the temperature difference between day and night should be controlled above 13 C to ensure the taste of cherries. " Yu Guiyao believes that fine products and high quality will always be the core competitiveness of fruits.
"In recent years, I have clearly felt that domestic cherries are becoming more and more popular. In the past, buyers came to buy, but now, the expansion of sales channels has widened the sales of cherries. Through the e-commerce platform, the cooperative has more than 1,000 kilograms of cherries every day ‘ Fly ’ Go to all parts of the country. " Yu Guiyao said.