作者： admin

Are these concerns reliable that Shenzhen medical insurance personal accounts will face ＂great changes＂ next month？

　　On December 1st this year, a major reform will be ushered in in the personal accounts of Shenzhen employees’ medical insurance. The amount included in the personal accounts of the first-class insured will be reduced from 5% of the payment base to 2%, and the difference will be used to improve the reimbursement level of outpatient services after being included in the overall fund.

　　In the interpretation of relevant policies, Shenzhen said that the core of this reform is to change the medical expenses of the medical insurance outpatient service of employees who are "unified accounting" from the individual accumulation guarantee model to the social mutual assistance guarantee model.

　　Liao Zangyi, an associate professor at the School of Politics and Public Administration of China University of Political Science and Law, told CBN that for Shenzhen, outpatient mutual aid reform is a system adjustment made in response to the national and provincial reform trends, and there is no risk of medical insurance funds. Like the national reform, the reform of outpatient mutual aid security in Shenzhen is essentially a kind of rights replacement, which replaces the funds in personal accounts with pooling funds, establishes an outpatient pooling system, and uses the law of large numbers to solve the problem of outpatient expenses burden of insured people.

　　It is an established goal of deepening China’s medical insurance reform to establish and improve the outpatient mutual aid guarantee mechanism of employee basic medical insurance. After the State Council issued relevant guidance in April last year, various provinces successively issued provincial-level guidance documents, which made arrangements for the progress of promoting the reform of outpatient mutual aid security mechanism in the whole province. At present, the reform of outpatient mutual aid is being accelerated nationwide.

　　Shenzhen promotes the outpatient treatment of the first-class insured

　　On the 15th, the General Office of Shenzhen Municipal Government issued the Notice on Implementing the Measures for the Implementation of the Basic Medical Insurance for Employees in Guangdong Province (hereinafter referred to as the Notice), which was officially implemented on December 1, 2022.

　　The specific contents include: adding general outpatient treatment as a whole, reducing the funds transferred to personal accounts, standardizing and expanding the scope of use of personal accounts, etc.

　　One of the focuses of this reform is to adjust the funds transferred to personal accounts. According to the notice, the first-class insured person of basic medical insurance for employees who pay the basic medical insurance premium at 8% of the payment base will be included in the monthly personal account at 2% of the payment base, and the rest will enter the basic medical insurance serious illness pooling fund (hereinafter referred to as the "pooling fund"). For retirees who stop paying fees and continue to enjoy the first-class treatment of basic medical insurance, their personal accounts are allocated by the overall fund according to the quota, and the monthly allocation standard is 2.8% of the average monthly amount of basic pension in this city in 2021.

　　Due to the current policy, the first-class insured person pays the basic medical insurance premium at 8% of the payment base, of which 5 percentage points are included in the personal account and 3 percentage points are included in the overall fund. Compared with the old and new policies, the funds transferred to personal accounts have decreased by 3 percentage points, which is the part where the insured thinks the rights and interests have been damaged.

　　On the 23rd, the reporter consulted the Shenzhen 12345 hotline about the advantages and disadvantages of this reform for the insured. The hotline staff said that for the first-class insured, the disadvantage is that the money in the personal account is less, and the advantage is that the outpatient service can also be reimbursed. On the whole, for people who see more clinics, the treatment is getting better; If you don’t look at the clinic, you will feel a little disadvantaged if you have less funds in your personal account.

　　Liao Zangyi believes that the reform of outpatient mutual aid has not reduced the medical treatment of the insured, but has carried out institutional structural reform through a kind of equity replacement, further strengthening and expanding the efficiency of the use of personal accounts. "The insured believes that the benefits will be damaged after the personal account amount is reduced. One reason is that it involves welfare perception, and the other reason is that there is a certain understanding of this reform." Liao Zangyi said.

　　Judging from the effect of the policy, for on-the-job employees, the insured who usually don’t use or use less, don’t have the allocation of 3% of the social pooling fund, and it seems that less money has entered the personal account, but in fact, the reimbursement has not changed. In the past, the personal account was swiped into the "personal account+pooling fund" for joint payment, and the use scope of the personal account was expanded, which benefited the whole family.

　　For on-the-job insured people who usually rely on personal accounts to buy medicines in spite of illness, the money in personal accounts was not enough in the past. Now, due to this system reform, with the payment of the overall fund, the treatment level of these insured people has been improved, and their personal burden has been effectively reduced.

　　The notice proposes that on the basis of outpatient treatment and medical treatment such as personal accounts and outpatient specific diseases, the general outpatient treatment of the first-class insured person with basic medical insurance for employees will be added. The first-class insured person of employee’s basic medical insurance can select a social health institution or other primary medical institutions, a second-class hospital or a specialized hospital as a designated medical institution for general outpatient co-ordination and medical treatment within the scope of designated medical institutions in the city.

　　The staff of the Shenzhen 12345 hotline specially reminded that on December 1st, the first-class insured should try to select a designated medical institution, so as to enjoy the outpatient reimbursement treatment of the first-class and second-class hospitals. If not selected, they will still be reimbursed according to the original policy, that is, the first-class hospitals will pay 70% for individuals and 30% for co-ordination funds. After selection, the co-ordination funds of the first-class hospitals will pay up to 75%, and retirees can be higher.

　　Shenzhen reform has nothing to do with the risk of medical insurance fund

　　Because the outpatient mutual aid reform involves the adjustment of individual account funds, some insured people will think that it is because the medical insurance fund has no money, or the increase in the expenditure of the medical insurance fund on epidemic prevention has increased the pressure on the fund. In this regard, Liao Zangyi made it clear that the reform of Shenzhen medical insurance fund personal account system and outpatient mutual aid system has nothing to do with the risk of medical insurance fund, but is an institutional adjustment in response to the policy reform of the state and Guangdong Province.

　　According to the Table on Budget Implementation of Shenzhen Medical Insurance Fund from January to October 2022 published by Shenzhen Medical Insurance Bureau, as of October this year, the current balance of basic medical insurance for urban employees in Shenzhen was 20.749 billion yuan, with a cumulative balance of 177.075 billion yuan.

　　On April 14th, 2021, the Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Establishing and Perfecting the Outpatient Mutual Aid Security Mechanism for Employees’ Basic Medical Insurance (Guo Ban Fa [2021] No.14) required that the provincial people’s governments should issue implementation measures before the end of December 2021 to guide the overall planning areas to promote implementation, and a transition period of about three years can be set to gradually realize the reform goal.

　　On December 31, 2021, the Notice of the General Office of the People’s Government of Guangdong Province on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Measures for the Basic Medical Insurance for Employees in Guangdong Province (Guangdong Government Office [2021] No.56) requires all localities and cities to issue the implementation rules and implement them before July 1, 2022.

　　According to Li Juan and Wang Zongfan, Chinese Academy of Labor and Social Security, published in lanzhou academic journal on 15th, the current situation analysis and countermeasures and suggestions on the reform of mutual aid guarantee mechanism for workers’ medical insurance outpatient service sorted out 31 provinces and cities in China. The time of issuing documents in each province was concentrated in the end of 2021 and the beginning of 2022, and the issuing unit was basically the general office of the provincial people’s government. Most provinces have issued guidance documents for local governments, and made arrangements for the progress of the province’s reform of the mutual aid guarantee mechanism for employees’ medical insurance clinics. However, as of the end of July, most of the overall planning areas have not yet issued the landing documents on the reform of the mutual aid guarantee mechanism for employees’ medical insurance clinics, and some cities have issued implementation rules under the guidance of national and provincial documents.

　　At present, many places in the country have accelerated the reform of outpatient mutual aid. The Liaoning Provincial Medical Insurance Bureau said that it is making efforts to establish and improve the outpatient mutual aid guarantee mechanism for employees’ basic medical insurance. Before the end of this year, all the overall planning areas in the province will start to implement reforms.

　　From December 1st, 2022, Beijing started to provide medical insurance individual account funds for family members to help each other.

　　The Hunan Provincial Medical Insurance Bureau recently announced that the province will comprehensively establish a general outpatient co-ordination system for employee medical insurance before the end of the year. From January 1, 2023, personal accounts will be credited in a new way. After the reform, family members will be allowed to help each other to use personal accounts.

Statistical Bulletin of Tianjin National Economic and Social Development in 2021

Tianjin statistics bureau

Tianjin Survey Corps of National Bureau of Statistics

March 14th, 2022

2021In, the Communist Party of China (CPC) was founded.100The anniversary is also a year of laying a solid foundation for achieving the development goals of the 14th Five-Year Plan. In the face of the unprecedented changes in the world and the overlapping of the century epidemic, Tianjin adheres to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, thoroughly implements the important requirements of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary for Tianjin’s "three efforts" and the spirit of a series of important instructions. In accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, under the strong leadership of the municipal party Committee and the municipal government, based on the new development stage, Tianjin fully and accurately implements the new development concept, serves and integrates into the new development pattern. Adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, make sure that high-quality development will not waver, focus on the combination of "treatment, guidance, education, stability and promotion", and continuously consolidate and expand the achievements of epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development. The city’s economic operation has made steady progress, stable progress, better economic structure, better quality and efficiency, enhanced people’s livelihood and well-being, and achieved a good start in the 14 th Five-Year Plan.

I. Synthesis

Preliminary accounting, the city’s regional GDP15695.05Billion yuan, calculated at comparable prices, an increase over the previous year.6.6%. Among them, the added value of the primary industry225.41100 million yuan, an increase over the previous year.2.7%; Added value of secondary industry5854.27Billion yuan, growth6.5%; Added value of tertiary industry9615.37Billion yuan, growth6.7%. The tertiary industrial structure is as follows1.4:37.3:61.3.

Fiscal revenue grew rapidly.Annual general public budget revenue2141.04hundred million yuan,Increase over the previous year11.3%,Among them, tax revenue1621.87Billion yuan, growth8.1%,The proportion of general public budget revenue is75.8%. The main tax categories have maintained growth, and the value-added tax673.17100 million yuan, enterprise income tax337.34100 million yuan, personal income tax129.04hundred million yuan,Increase respectively over the previous year.3.5%、8.6%and24.8%. Annual general public budget expenditure3150.25Billion yuan, the same as last year. Among them, education expenditure increased.9.3%, social security and employment expenditure growth14.8%, health expenditure growth2.9%, housing security expenditure growth7.4%.

Kinetic energy conversion is accelerating.The new industries have a good momentum of development, and the added value of high-tech industries (manufacturing) has increased over the previous year.15.5%, faster than the city’s above-scale industries.7.3Percentage points, accounting for.15.5%, higher than last year.0.1Percentage points. Growth of added value of industrial strategic emerging industries10.3%, faster than the city’s above-scale industries.2.1Percentage points, accounting for.26.1%. In the service industry above designated size, the operating income of new services increased.19.9%The operating income of strategic emerging service industry and high-tech service industry increased respectively.7.5%and10.1%. Investment growth in high-tech industries38.2%Among them, investment in high-tech manufacturing increased.22.5%Investment growth in high-tech service industry57.5%. The output of new products increased rapidly, and the output of service robots, new energy vehicles and integrated circuits increased respectively.1.7Times,54.3%and53.2%.

Digital empowerment speeds up afterburner.Implement the three-year action of digital development and introduce the digital economy. "1+3”Action plan to build a comprehensive application platform for the digital economy of "Tianjin Production and Development" and41In this application scenario, the industrial Internet is further expanded, the modern metallurgical and textile industries are accelerating towards intelligent high-end greening, and Haier Internet Factory has become a global "lighthouse factory". The construction of the big data trading center in the north has been accelerated, and new formats and new models such as "cloud service" and "cloud experience" have emerged constantly. The scale of cloud usage and the growth rate of intellectual capacity rank in the upper reaches of the country.

The business environment continues to be optimized.Continue to deepen the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, and accelerate the implementation of the upgraded version of the "one system, three modernizations" reform. The reform of "separation of licenses" has been fully implemented, and business licensing matters involving enterprises have been handled.13.1Ten thousand pieces. We will fully implement the "one-line operation" of enterprise registration, and formulate a list of matters such as online operation, one-time operation, immediate operation, zero running, and city-wide operation3795Item, the service efficiency has been continuously improved. China (Tianjin) Intellectual Property Protection Center has been completed, and the city’s comprehensive credit ranking ranks among the top in China. Newly registered market entities throughout the year26.78Ten thousand households, growth4.5%; Among them, private market players26.58Ten thousand households, growth4.4%.

The vitality of the private market has been continuously released.Annual added value of private economy5954.67100 million yuan, an increase over the previous year.6.8%, accounting for37.9%. Growth of industrial added value of private enterprises above designated size7.3%, accounting for26.5%; Wholesale and retail sales of private enterprises above designated size increased.29.0%, faster than the city’s sales limit.2.4Percentage points, accounting for60.1%, higher than last year.1.1Percentage points; Turnover growth of accommodation and catering industry in private enterprises above designated size24.4%, faster than the city’s turnover limit.4.2Percentage points, accounting for59.5%, higher than last year.2.0Percentage points; Export growth of private enterprises19.7%, accounting for41.3%.

Consumer prices rose moderately.Consumer prices rose throughout the year.1.3%The growth rate dropped from the previous year.0.7Percentage points. Don’t look at the classification, the price of food, tobacco and alcohol has risen.1.3%Dress down2.2%, residential rise0.7%, daily necessities and services rose.1.0%Traffic and communication have risen.4.7%Education, culture and entertainment have risen.3.4%Medical care remained the same as last year, while other supplies and services declined.2.2%.

The prices of industrial producers continue to rise.The ex-factory price of industrial producers rose over the previous year.10.9%The purchase price has gone up.14.7%.

Second, agriculture

Improving quality and increasing efficiency in agricultural production.Annual gross output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery509.26100 million yuan, an increase over the previous year.2.1%. Among them, agricultural output value258.39Billion yuan, growth1.8%; Animal husbandry output value142.48Billion yuan, growth9.8%. Grain output reached a new record high, and the total grain output reached249.9Ten thousand tons, continuoussixStable in200More than 10,000 tons, growth9.5%. The stable production and supply of live pigs have achieved remarkable results, and live pigs are on hand at the end of the year.171.2Ten thousand heads, growth5.4%; Full-year slaughter203.9Ten thousand heads, growth5.1%; Pork yield17.1Ten thousand tons, growth11.2%.

Sustainable optimization of modern urban agriculture.Vigorously promote the construction of high-standard farmland and socialized services throughout the whole process, and build a high-standard farmland area throughout the year.27.1Ten thousand mu, new facility agriculturetwenty10,000 mu, adding efficient water-saving irrigation area.7.1Ten thousand mu, the development of rice and fishery comprehensive breeding.50Ten thousand mu, pest control rule to achieve full coverage, rice machine tillage, machine transplanting, machine yield.100%. Station rice and Baodi district are listed in the key chain of the whole national industrial chain and the typical counties of the whole rice industrial chain, and the planting area of station rice is up to.101.9Ten thousand mu, brand influence and popularity continue to improve.

III. Industry and Construction Industry

“The manufacturing industry has made solid progress.Annual industrial added value of the whole city5224.57100 million yuan, an increase over the previous year.8.0%, the added value of manufacturing industry accounts for the proportion of regional GDP.24.1%, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased8.2%. In industries above designated size, the added value of mining industry increased by category.3.3%, manufacturing growth8.3%, electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industry growth.17.9%. By economic type, the added value of state-owned enterprises increased.12.0%The growth of private enterprises7.3%, the growth of foreign and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan business enterprises.6.5%. In terms of enterprise scale, the added value of large enterprises increased.6.3%; Growth of added value of small and medium-sized enterprises10.3%, faster than industries above designated size2.1Percentage points. In terms of key industries, the added value of pharmaceutical manufacturing increased.18.9%, computer, communications and other electronic equipment manufacturing growth.13.1%, oil, coal and other fuel processing industry growth.22.5%. Industries above designated size are listed in the catalogue403Among these products,58.8%The output of our products has increased. Advanced manufacturing clusters such as biomedicine and information security have been growing, and the construction of "Cell Valley" and "Northern Sound Valley" has been accelerated, and "Xinchuang Valley" has been recognized.10An industrial theme park.

Accelerate the upgrading of key industrial chains.Fully implement the "chain length system", vigorously implement the three-year action plan for high-quality development of the industrial chain, and focus on innovation, high-end equipment and integrated circuits.twelveKey industrial chains, advanced industrial base and industrial chain modernization have made great strides.twelveGrowth of industrial added value in key industrial chains9.6%, faster than industries above designated size1.4Percentage points; The operating income and total profit of industrial enterprises in the chain increased respectively.21.0%、57.8%, faster than the above-scale industries.2.1A,7.1Percentage points.

Industrial benefits grew rapidly.The annual operating income of industrial enterprises above designated size increased over the previous year.18.9%Total profit increased over the previous year.50.7%, operating income profit rate is6.45%, higher than last year.1.29Percentage points. Tax reduction and fee reduction have been solidly promoted. At the end of the year, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above designated size was54.1%, lower than the end of last year.0.3Percentage points; Annual operating income cost of industrial enterprises above designated size of 100 yuan.85.66Yuan, a decrease from the previous year.0.14Yuan.

The construction industry has developed healthily.Annual gross output value of construction industry4653.05Billion yuan, growth6.0%. Building construction area of construction enterprises18022.6210,000 square meters, including newly started area.4580.40Ten thousand square meters. As of the end of the year, the city has a special, first-class qualification of the general contracting construction enterprises.360Home, an increase over the end of last year24Home.

Fourth, the service industry

Production in the service industry recovered steadily.Annual added value of wholesale and retail industry1496.09100 million yuan, an increase over the previous year.8.8%, wholesale and retail sales growth.26.1%,Among them, the sales of wholesale and retail commodities above designated size increased.26.6%; Added value of transportation, warehousing and postal services871.10Billion yuan, growth8.7%; Added value of accommodation and catering industry137.05Billion yuan, growth6.7%Turnover growth of accommodation and catering industry14.3%,Among them, the turnover of accommodation and catering industry above designated size increased.20.2%; Added value of financial industry2153.18Billion yuan, growth2.7%; Added value of real estate industry1083.80Billion yuan, growth6.2%. The annual operating income of service enterprises above designated size increased over the previous year.19.6%Among them, the operating income of producer services increased over the previous year.24.3%. Modern service industries, such as exhibition economy, Internet-related services, business services and professional technical services, have grown rapidly. International auto shows are held throughout the year.105The third sugar and wine party and other exhibitions.63Field, exhibition area172.66Ten thousand square meters. The operating income of Internet and related services, business services and professional technical services increased respectively.14.3%、18.5%and15.3%.

The construction of world-class smart green ports has been further promoted.Beijianggang districtCDuan intelligent container terminal was put into operation and became the first "smart zero carbon" terminal in the world. Breakthrough of container throughput in the city2000Ten thousand standard boxes, reach2026.94Ten thousand TEUs, growth10.4%, ranking among the top ten ports in the world, with port cargo throughput.5.30Billions of tons, growth5.3%. Breakthrough of sea-rail combined traffic volume100Ten thousand TEUs.

Passenger and freight transport has maintained growth.Annual freight volume of the whole city57568.27Ten thousand tons, growth7.5%; Cargo turnover2681.69100 million tons of kilometers, growth2.8%. Annual passenger traffic1.35Billion person-times, growth16.4%; volume of passenger transportation324.04100 million person-kilometers, growth16.2%. Airport passenger throughput1512.17Ten thousand person-times, an increase13.8%; Cargo and mail throughput19.49Ten thousand tons, growth5.4%.

?

By the end of the year, the city’s civil car ownership360.03Ten thousand vehicles, including private car ownership.309.54Ten thousand vehicles; Civil car223.70Ten thousand vehicles, including private cars.206.16Ten thousand vehicles.

Postal and telecommunications services have grown rapidly.Total postal and telecommunications business in the whole year345.07Billion yuan, growth28.9%. Among them, the total amount of telecommunications services206.31Billion yuan, growth31.2%; Total postal service138.75Billion yuan, growth25.7%. Annual express business volume12.34Billion pieces, growth33.0%. Year-end fixed telephone users331.1Ten thousand households, mobile phone users1745.1Ten thousand households, fixed internet broadband access users584.5Ten thousand households. Accumulated completion throughout the year5Gbase station2.5Ten thousand,Won the first batch of gigabit cities in China.

V. Domestic trade

The consumer market continued to recover.Approved to take the lead in cultivating and building an international consumption center city, formulate and implement the construction plan of an international consumption center city, launch Haihe International Consumption Season, develop new consumption, activate holiday consumption, and promote automobile sales, etc., taking Florence town as an example,V1The new consumer business circle represented by Auto World and Creative Milan Life Plaza has been expanded and upgraded, and the consumption potential has been further released. Accelerate the implementation of ten actions to develop Tianjin’s night economy and stimulate citizens’ night consumption potential. Complete the upgrading of Jinjie, and upgrade the commercial carrier area.13.9Ten thousand square meters. Total retail sales of consumer goods increased in the whole year.5.2%, in which the total retail sales of consumer goods above designated size increased.7.5%. Online retail sales of goods above designated size increased.8.0%, accounting for the proportion of zero in the limited upper society.26.2%.

Upgrade the consumption structure.Among the retail sales of commodities above designated size, the retail sales of clothing, shoes, hats and knitwear increased.5.3%The growth of daily necessities16.2%, sports, entertainment products category growth.37.5%The growth of smart household appliances and audio-visual equipment2.1Times, gold and silver jewelry category growth.32.8%, cosmetics category growth27.5%, the growth of new energy vehicles74.4%, smartphone growth12.4%.

VI. Investment in fixed assets

Investment in fixed assets grew steadily.Annual investment in fixed assets (excluding farmers) increased over the previous year.4.8%. By industry, investment in the primary industry declined.45.8%Investment growth in the secondary industry7.8%Investment growth in the tertiary industry4.9%. In terms of fields, industrial investment increased.7.6%Among them, investment in manufacturing increased.13.8%; Infrastructure investment growth1.7%Among them, transportation and postal investment increased.2.7%Investment in information transmission and information technology services increased.47.4%.

The real estate market remained stable.Annual real estate development investment growth6.2%. The sales area of new commercial housing in the city increased9.8%, in which residential sales area increased.9.3%; Commercial housing sales growth9.9%, in which residential sales increased.9.1%.

VII. Finance

The financial market is developing steadily.. Incremental accumulation of social financing scale in the whole year.3184100 million yuan. Balance of local and foreign currency deposits of Chinese and foreign financial institutions at the end of the year35903.09100 million yuan, an increase over the beginning of the year.1758.08100 million yuan, up from the end of last year.5.2%. Balance of various loans41054.17100 million yuan, an increase over the beginning of the year.2194.78hundred million yuan,grow5.7%; Among them, medium and long-term loans for manufacturing, high-tech manufacturing and high-tech industries increased respectively.7.3%、17.1%and22.9%.

Scale of securities marketContinuous improvement.New listed companies in the whole yearthreeAt the end of the year, there were a total of listed companies in the city.63Home. Year-end securities account684.19Ten thousand households, up from the end of last year.9.3%. Annual trading volume of various securities66785.01Billion yuan, growth8.9%. Among them, the stock transaction amount39145.17Billion yuan, growth8.1%; Bond turnover24181.63Billion yuan, growth7.8%; Fund transaction amount3174.58Billion yuan, growth25.2%. Futures market turnover132583.75Billion yuan, growth2.3%.

The insurance market grew steadily.Annual original insurance premium income660.47100 million yuan, an increase over the previous year.2.8%. Among them, the original insurance premium income of property insurance business154.11100 million yuan, down5.1%; Original insurance premium income of personal insurance business506.36Billion yuan, growth5.5%. Annual compensation expenditure187.30Billion yuan, growth13.4%. Among them, the property insurance business payment expenses96.19Billion yuan, growth16.4%; Payment expenditure of personal insurance business91.10Billion yuan, growth10.3%. Joint insurance institutions at the end of the year374Home, insurance company employees7.97Ten thousand people.

Eight, development and opening up

The scale of trade reached a record high.Total import and export volume of foreign trade in the whole year8567.42100 million yuan, an increase over the previous year.16.3%. Among them, imports4691.82Billion yuan, growth9.3%; export3875.61Billion yuan, a nearfiveA new high in years, an increase26.1%. From the perspective of trade mode, general trade exports2239.24One hundred million yuan, accounting for the proportion of the city’s exports57.8%, higher than last year.1.0Percentage points, growth28.3%, faster than the city’s exports.2.2Percentage points; Processing trade export1182.19Billion yuan, growth3.4%. From the perspective of trading partners, exports to the EU, the United States, Japan, South Korea and ASEAN increased respectively.35.8%、9.1%、23.4%、22.5%and17.5%. "Belt and Road",RCEPThe market share continues to increase, and exports to countries along the "Belt and Road" accounted for the whole year.33.3%, rightRCEPExport share of member countries29.5%.

The momentum of attracting investment is good.Domestic investment projects were introduced throughout the year.3573A, the actual use of domestic capital3378.18100 million yuan, an increase over the previous year.15.5%. Among them, the introduction of service industry projects2568A, funds in place2575.22Billion yuan, growth6.9%, accounting for76.2%; Introduction of manufacturing projects765A, funds in place670.61Billion yuan, growth80.0%, accounting for19.9%. New batch of foreign-invested enterprises in the city744Amount of foreign investment in home and contract304.90Billion dollars, the actual direct utilization of foreign capital breakthrough.50Billion dollars, reach53.89Billion dollars, growth13.8%.

The level of opening to the outside world has been further improved.The energy level and quality of cross-border electronic commerce Innovation Experimental Park have been continuously improved and added.threeA cross-border e-commerce demonstration park,oneHome innovation experimental area. The integration into the "Belt and Road" construction has achieved remarkable results, and China and Egypt·Key projects such as TEDA Suez Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone and Tianjin Italian SME Park have been accelerated, and "Luban Workshop" has been built.twentyA. Newly established overseas enterprise institutions throughout the year.100Home, Chinese investment22.87Billion dollars, growth38.8%. Newly signed contract amount of foreign contracted projects66.5Billion dollars, complete the turnover.59.4Billion dollars, respectively.12.4%and4.9%. At the end of the year, foreign laborers1.58Ten thousand people.

The service radiation and demonstration in the Pilot Free Trade Zone play an outstanding role.Newly established enterprises in the pilot free trade zone throughout the year12792Home, an increase over the previous year18%. "New Customs Supervision Mode of Bonded Leasing" was selected as the fourth batch of "Best Practice Cases" in the State Council Pilot Free Trade Zone. Binhai High-tech Zone and Sino-Singapore Eco-city will be established as joint innovation zones in the Pilot Free Trade Zone, and joint innovation demonstration bases will be established in the National Supercomputing Tianjin Center and the National Stem Cell Engineering Product Industrialization Base. By the end of the year, the cumulative implementation of institutional innovation measures502Item, the cumulative replication and promotion to the whole country.38A pilot experience and practical cases.

Nine, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development

Full service to undertake the function relief of Beijing’s non-capital.Introduce investment projects in Beijing throughout the year.1076A, funds in place1369.80Billion yuan, growth8.5%, accounting for more than the proportion of domestic capital in the city40%. Central enterprises and units set up new institutions in Tianjin173Home, a number of high-quality projects, the total investment.1621100 million yuan. Breakthrough of accumulative registered enterprises in Binhai-Zhongguancun Science Park3000Home, Baodi Beijing-Tianjin Zhongguancun Science and Technology City and other undertaking carriers have been accelerated, and the system and mechanism of the Beijing-Tianjin cooperation demonstration zone have been comprehensively straightened out.

The coordinated development of key areas has achieved fruitful results."Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei on the track" was accelerated, the construction of Jingtang, Jingbin and Jinxing high-speed railways was accelerated, the first section of the Tianjin-Nanjing railway was started, and the main sections of Tianjin East Section of Jinshi Expressway and Binhai New Area of Tangcheng Expressway were completed. Beijing-Tianjin commuting facilitationtwelveThe measures were fully implemented. The fast customs clearance mechanism for freight from xiong’an new area to Tianjin Port was further improved. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei core areaoneHourly traffic circle, between adjacent cities1.5The hourly traffic circle has basically taken shape. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Collaborative Development Industrial Investment Fund and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Tianjin) Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Fund were established, and the Tianjin Center of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei National Technology Innovation Center was listed. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei remote medical insurance outpatient network direct settlement covers all kinds of hospitals at all levels.1013Home, effectively improve the convenience level of medical services in the three places. Efforts have been made to promote joint prevention and control of air pollution, and air quality has improved significantly. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regionPM2.5mean concentration36.9microgram/Cubic meters.

X. Urban Construction and Public Utilities

Urban infrastructure construction has achieved remarkable results.Speeding up the construction of subway, Binhai New AreaZ2Line construction started,fourSouth section of Line 1,sixLine 2 was completed and opened to traffic, with a total mileage of.265Kilometers, optimizationnineTraffic organization of Line 1, rush hour of intercity trains, and bus connection have accelerated the construction of the development pattern of "Jincheng" and "Bincheng" twin cities. Annual urban public transport passenger volume11.54Billion person-times, growth29.2%, of which the passenger volume of rail transit4.64Billion person-times, growth37.0%. At the end of the year, the city’s highway mileage15307.17Kilometers, including expressway mileage.1324.79Kilometers. rural highway300Km upgrading and transformation completed. Add public parking spaces1.3Ten thousand, Jinmen Lake new energy vehicle comprehensive service center was put into use, making it more convenient for people to travel.

public utilitiesService capacity improvement.Promote the old heating pipe network and503Reconstruction of kilometer gas pipeline network. Newly rebuilt and expandedfiveA sewage treatment plant has been set up, and a number of garbage treatment and hazardous waste disposal facilities have been built. The domestic garbage sorting equipment has been continuously improved, and the sorting quality has been continuously improved.

XI. Education, Science and Technology

High-quality and balanced development of education.Solidly promote the three-year action of high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education and upgrade and transform it.CGrade school building12.5410,000 square meters, adding primary and secondary school degrees.5.9Ten thousand, equipped with teaching instruments and equipment in primary and secondary schools.91Ten thousand sets (sets, pieces), upgrade and transform school sports venues.52.2Ten thousand square meters. All the "double-first-class" construction projects in colleges and universities have passed the first round of national acceptance, and the "world-class" construction discipline has increased to14A. By the end of the year, there were graduate training institutions in the city.24Colleges and universitiesfifty-sixSecondary vocational education school71Ordinary middle school535Primary school895Institute. Annual postgraduate enrollment3.00Ten thousand people, students.8.63Ten thousand people, graduates2.15Ten thousand people. Enrollment of ordinary colleges and universities16.18Ten thousand people, students.58.34Ten thousand people, graduates14.35Ten thousand people. Enrollment of secondary vocational education schools3.46Ten thousand people, students.9.94Ten thousand people, graduates3.08Ten thousand people. Enrollment of ordinary middle schools17.78Ten thousand people, students.53.16Ten thousand people, graduates15.00Ten thousand people. Primary school enrollment12.42Ten thousand people, students.75.19Ten thousand people, graduates11.20Ten thousand people. kindergarten2346Children in kindergarten31.60Ten thousand people.

Talent development has achieved new achievements.Create an upgraded version of the action plan of "Haihe Talents" and introduce all kinds of talents.42.3Ten thousand people. In-depth implementation of the talent-leading strategy and the addition of academicians of the two academiesfourMember in Tianjin at the end of the year.38People, new postdoctoral workstation.27A new postdoctoral fellow.600People.

Innovative vitality continues in generate.Successfully held the fifth World Intelligence Conference. Modern Chinese Medicine Innovation Center has become a national-level manufacturing innovation center jointly built by the Ministry and the city, and the national pilot zone for innovation and application of artificial intelligence and the pilot zone for the integration of national advanced manufacturing industry and modern service industry have been successfully approved.CPU+Kirin operating system "PK”System market share is close80%. The industrial innovation system has been accelerated, and the national enterprise technology centers have reached the cumulative level.seventy-twoHome, the country’s "specialization and novelty" little giant enterprises have reached a total of130Home, national science and technology small and medium-sized enterprises, municipal eagle enterprises, municipal gazelle enterprises respectively.9196Home,4974Jiahe378Home. Sign technical contracts throughout the year12560Item, growth27.9%; Contract turnover1321.83Billion yuan, growth18.8%; Technical transaction volume620.12Billion yuan, growth3.2%.

Breakthrough progress has been made in the construction of major innovation platforms.Bring together top scientists and research teams in China to create green creation and manufacturing of materials, advanced computing and key software (Xinchuang), synthetic biology, modern traditional chinese medicine and cell ecology.fiveThe construction of Tianjin version of the "national heavy weapon", such as Haihe laboratory, new generation supercomputer and State Key Laboratory of Component Chinese Medicine, was accelerated. The construction of university science parks was accelerated. We will issue guidance on the construction of university science parks and a three-year action plan, and strive to create the "first stop" for the transformation of university achievements, the "core incubator" for regional innovation and entrepreneurship, and the "cradle" for emerging industries. believefourA high-level university science park, incubating enterprises130Yu Jia, transforming scientific and technological achievements60The rest, vigorously promote the development of science and technology, education and economy.

Significant achievements have been made in tackling key core technologies.22A scientific and technological achievement won the National Science and Technology Award, and conquered key core technologies such as rational design of enzymes and proteins. Thermal rare earth coating broke foreign monopoly, and synthetic starch with carbon dioxide was realized under laboratory conditions.0arrive1”The breakthrough, Galaxy Kirin operating system and "Shengong" brain-computer interaction system play an important role in solving the problem of "stuck neck". Annual number of municipal scientific and technological achievements registered1972Item, among them, belongs to the international leading level.137Item, reached the international advanced level.253Item. Annual patent authorization9.79Ten thousand pieces, growth29.8%, in which the invention patent7376Pieces, growth40.2%.PCTPatent application acceptance444Pieces, growth18.7%. Effective invention patent at the end of year4.34Ten thousand pieces, growth13.8%.

XII. Cultural Tourism, Health and Sports

Cultural undertakings have flourished.Around the celebration of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC)100On the anniversary, mass cultural performances such as "Struggle for a Hundred Years and Set sail for a New Journey" and the Sixth Citizens’ Culture and Art Festival were held, and Tianjin Museum’s "Red Memory-Tianjin Revolutionary Cultural Relics Exhibition", "Zhou Enlai Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall Basic Exhibition" and "Pingjin Campaign Basic Exhibition" were held.threeThis exhibition was selected by the Central Propaganda Department and National Cultural Heritage Administration to publicly promote the celebration of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC).100annual109A boutique exhibition. Carry out the acceptance inspection of the third batch of grassroots comprehensive cultural service centers. By the end of the year, there were a total of art performance groups in the city.115A cultural center17A museumsixty-nineA public librarytwentyGejie township comprehensive cultural station255A. The city’s film projection units109Number of screenings111.92Ten thousand shows, the number of people watching movies1682.64Ten thousand person-times, to achieve box office revenue.7.00100 million yuan. Publish books all year round9417Ten thousand volumes, periodicals2571.28Ten thousand copies, newspapers1.85Billions. The city’s cultural and related industrial enterprises above designated size realize operating income.1701.11100 million yuan, calculated by comparable caliber, an increase over the previous year.2.8%.

The rapid recovery of tourism boosted.We will promote the construction of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal National Cultural Park, and implement the archaeological work along the canal, such as the Yangliuqing Grand Canal Cultural Park, the cultural town ruins area, and the restoration of cultural relics along the Beiyang University Hall and the Guangdong Guild Hall. Organize the selection of "New Landmark of Jinmen" and "Encounter"·Tianjin "creative city art plan," Tianjin flavor "series of theme activities. Receive domestic tourists all year round.1.79Billion person-times, growth26.7%; Domestic tourism revenue1968.81Billion yuan, growth47.9%.

The health and wellness system was improved and upgraded.Establish and improve the epidemic monitoring mechanism, carry out Covid-19 vaccination, strengthen medical treatment and guarantee, and vaccinate all year round.3054.3Ten thousand doses,twelveThe first vaccination rate of people over the age of 18 reached.95.9%. By the end of the year, there were all kinds of health institutions in the city.6084Among them, the hospital432A. Bed in health institution6.88Ten thousand, including hospitals.6.22Ten thousand. health workers12.13Ten thousand people, including practicing (assistant) doctors.5.16Ten thousand people, registered nurses4.67Ten thousand people. Number of people treated in medical and health institutions10907.4Ten thousand person-times, including the number of hospital treatment.6552.9Ten thousand people.

New breakthroughs have been made in the development of sports.At the Tokyo Olympics, Tianjin athletes won a total ofthreeGold medals andoneA bronze medal. At the 14th National Games, a total of18Gold medal,10Silver medal,16A bronze medal. Successfully held the National Games Baseball Qualifying Tournament and the National Games Fencing Competition. We will comprehensively carry out the construction of national fitness venues and facilities, and build community sports parks throughout the year.150Multi-functional sports groundforty-ninePersonal fitness trails18Article, hiking trailfiveBar and cage football field2A table tennis playgroundoneGejie town-level sports parkoneUpdate the community fitness park628A. Actively popularize and organize mass ice and snow sports.

XIII. Population, Employment and People’s Life

The level of urbanization has risen.Total resident population of the city at the end of the year1373Ten thousand people, including urban resident population.1165Ten thousand people, rural resident population.208Ten thousand people. Urbanization rate is84.88%, higher than the end of last year.0.18Percentage points.

The quality of employment continued to improve.Efforts will be made to improve the active employment policy, vigorously promote entrepreneurship to promote employment, carry out the special action of "welcoming send warm in the New Year and keeping jobs", establish a normalized employment assistance mechanism for key enterprises, and develop1.4Ten thousand policy posts, promote the integrated development of training and employment of retired military personnel, and promote key groups such as college students, retired military personnel and migrant workers to "get a good job" with real feelings. New employment throughout the year37.62Ten thousand people.

Residents’ income has increased steadily.Annual per capita disposable income of the city’s residents47449Yuan, growth8.2%. Among them, the net salary29775Yuan, growth8.9%; Net operating income3243Yuan, growth15.9%; Net income of property4576Yuan, growth7.9%; Transfer net income9855Yuan, growth4.0%. Per capita disposable income of urban residents by permanent residence51486Yuan, growth8.0%; Per capita disposable income of rural residents27955Yuan, growth8.8%Faster than the growth rate of urban residents.0.8Percentage points. Ratio of income of urban and rural residents1.84, continuousthreeThe year is shrinking.

The living environment is more livable.Renovation of old residential areas started throughout the year.154Size, area778.54Ten thousand square meters, benefit10.18Ten thousand households. Vigorously promote the "Hundred Villages Demonstration and Thousand Villages Renovation" project, the second batch150The construction of a demonstration village for rural human settlements improvement was all started. Deepen the rural clean-up project and carry out village clean-up actions.16.4Ten thousand villages, rectification of illegal buildings.2800The facade of the remaining buildings and villages.240More than ten thousand square meters, clean up all kinds of garbage, firewood, sundry, etc.59Ten thousand tons, dredging rivers, pits and ditches.9.2Ten thousand kilometers.

XIV. Social Security and Social Assistance

Social security was further strengthened.The national insurance plan continued to advance, and the number of people participating in the basic medical insurance for urban workers in the city at the end of the year.637.64Ten thousand people, to participate in the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents.537.38Ten thousand people. Number of people participating in basic old-age insurance for urban workers765.14Ten thousand people, the number of urban and rural residents to participate in old-age insurance.171.96ten thousand people,Increase respectively over the previous year.4.7%and1.3%; Number of people participating in industrial injury insurance for urban workers408.41Ten thousand people, growth0.7%; Number of people participating in unemployment insurance for urban workers372.30Ten thousand people, growth6.6%; Number of people participating in maternity insurance for urban workers366.05Ten thousand people, growth3.5%.

The social assistance system has developed soundly.At the end of the year, the canteen for the elderly in the city reached1701A pension institution396Home. The aged day care service center (station)1357Number of beds1.4Ten thousand. Social service agencies that provide accommodation have beds.6.17Ten thousand. City-wide minimum living security target12.76Ten thousand people, destitute dependents1.21Ten thousand people, all kinds of welfare institutions at the end of adoption.2.6Ten thousand people. Carry out vocational skills training for the disabled in the city and practical technical training in rural areas, and complete the training.4229People, the new disabled employment throughout the year.5581People. Total annual social assistance expenditure23.63100 million yuan. Total number of medical assistance in the whole year16.06Ten thousand people, medical assistance expenditure3.88100 million yuan.

Fifteen, poverty alleviation cooperation and ecological environmental protection

The results of tackling poverty have been further consolidated.New progress has been made in the cooperation and support between the east and the west, and financial funds have been invested throughout the year.28.41One hundred million yuan, the implementation of assistance projects.1202A, send cadres and talents.3378People. "Tianjin enterprises go up" and "national unity is a family"·The influence of activities such as "One Hundred Lines and One Hundred Industries Exchanges" has been expanding. Help pair up areas8.12Ten thousand rural laborers achieved employment and income increase, among which the poverty-stricken population7.08Ten thousand people. The amount of consumption assistance achieved in the whole year exceeded37.29100 million yuan.

Pollution prevention and control continued to advance in depth.Focus on defending the blue sky, clear water and pure land, and complete87Boiler switching to grid connection or deep treatment, Tianjin port countryⅤThe proportion of vehicles in and above the port is up to80%, the whole cityPM2.5Annual average concentration39microgram/Cubic meters, down from the previous year.20.4%; Excellent days264Days, excellent days ratio reached72.3%. The centralized sewage treatment in the industrial park has basically achieved full coverage, and the discharge compliance rate of wastewater discharge enterprises and sewage treatment plants is close.100%, to carry out the regulation of the discharge port into the sea, promote the construction of "beautiful bay", and increase the excellent water quality section of surface water to15A,twelveThe water quality of rivers entering the sea has basically achieved "overall"ⅣClass ". Carry out investigation and rectification of hidden dangers of soil pollution in key enterprises, and maintain the safe use of agricultural land and construction land.63Rural black and odorous water treatment, developmenttwentyTons and above rural domestic sewage treatment facilities drainage water quality supervision monitoring, effluent quality compliance rate is93.4%. Peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon neutrality promotion regulations were promulgated, peak carbon dioxide emissions’s implementation plan was compiled, and the first carbon neutrality asset-backed bill was successfully issued in China, and the Sino-Singapore eco-city smart energy town was completed and put into operation.

The quality of the ecological environment has improved significantly.Vigorously implement "871”Major ecological construction projects. Comprehensively strengthen Qilihai, Dahuangbao, Beidagang and Tuanbo.fourWetland protection and restoration, speed up the implementation of returning farmland to humidity and ecological water replenishment projects, and restore shoals in Qilihai wetland.1.5Ten thousand mu, restoration of wetland vegetationone point sixTen thousand mu, the southern water circulation area of Beidagang wetland is listed in the list of internationally important wetlands. We will further promote the construction of green ecological barrier areas in Shuangcheng, focusing on afforestation, water system connectivity and ecological restoration, and achieve the green coverage rate of trees.25%, the blue-green space is upgraded to65%, carbon sink capacity is improved.15%. Strengthen the renovation and restoration of the "blue bay" of the coastline and renovate the coastline.4.78Kilometers, restoration of coastal wetlands531.87Ha. Baodi District has successfully established a national demonstration zone for ecological civilization construction, and Xinkou Town in Xiqing District has successfully established a "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" practice and innovation base.

Note:

1.The data in this bulletin are preliminary statistics. Due to rounding, some data are not equal to the total of sub-items.

2.The absolute figures of the city’s GDP and the added value of various industries are calculated at current prices, and the growth rate is calculated at comparable prices.

3.Industrial enterprises above designated size refer to the annual main business income.2000All legal person industrial enterprises with 10,000 yuan or more.

4.The statistical scope of service industries above designated size includes annual operating income.2000Ten thousand yuan and above transportation, warehousing and postal services, information transmission, software and information technology services, water conservancy, environment and public facilities management, health industry legal entities; Annual operating income1000Ten thousand yuan and above the real estate industry (excluding real estate development and operation), leasing and business services, scientific research and technical services, education industry legal entities; And annual operating income.500Residents’ services, repairs and other services, culture, sports and entertainment, and social work industries with a total of 10,000 yuan or more are legal entities.

5.Wholesale enterprises above designated size refer to the annual main business income.2000Wholesale enterprises of 10,000 yuan and above; Retail enterprises above designated size refer to the annual main business income.500Retail enterprises of 10,000 yuan and above; Accommodation and catering enterprises above designated size refer to the annual main business income.200Accommodation and catering enterprises of 10,000 yuan and above.

6.The statistical scope of fixed assets investment (excluding farmers) is the total planned investment.500Investment in fixed assets projects of 10,000 yuan or more and investment in all real estate development projects.

7.Total postal and telecommunications services by2020Annual price calculation.

Source:

The financial data in this bulletin comes from Tianjin Finance Bureau; The market subject data comes from Tianjin Municipal Market Supervision and Management Committee; Transportation data comes from Tianjin Transportation Committee; Motor vehicle data comes from Tianjin Public Security Bureau; Postal data comes from Tianjin Postal Administration; Telecommunication data comes from Tianjin Communications Administration; Cultural facilities and tourism data come from Tianjin Culture and Tourism Bureau; Film and publication data come from the Propaganda Department of Tianjin Municipal Committee; Data of deposits and loans come from Tianjin Branch of China People’s Bank; The data of listed companies and securities and futures are from Tianjin Supervision Bureau of China Securities Regulatory Commission and Tianjin Financial Work Bureau; Insurance data comes from Tianjin Supervision Bureau of Bank of China Insurance Regulatory Commission; Data on the utilization of foreign capital, overseas investment, foreign contracted projects and foreign labor cooperation come from Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Commerce. Import and export data from Tianjin Customs; The data of poverty alleviation cooperation and utilization of domestic capital come from the Cooperation and Exchange Office of Tianjin Municipal People’s Government; Education data comes from Tianjin Education Commission; Scientific and technological innovation data come from Tianjin Science and Technology Bureau and Tianjin Industry and Information Bureau; Patent data comes from Tianjin Intellectual Property Office; The data of talents, new employment and social security come from Tianjin Human Resources and Social Security Bureau. Medical insurance data comes from Tianjin Medical Security Bureau; Medical and health data come from Tianjin Health and Wellness Committee; Sports data comes from Tianjin Sports Bureau; The data of social assistance service comes from Tianjin Civil Affairs Bureau; Environmental protection data comes from Tianjin Ecological Environment Bureau; Other data come from Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Statistics and Tianjin Investigation Corps of National Bureau of Statistics.

Snooker World Open： Rump defeated Ding Junhui to win the championship and achieved many breakthroughs.

　　The 2024 "Huading Nylon" Snooker World Open ended in Yushan, Jiangxi Province on the evening of 24th. The defending champion and the season’s top ranked Rump defeated China’s "first brother" Ding Junhui 10-4 in the final and won the fifth ranking championship this season.

　　The World Open is one of the world’s oldest professional snooker rankings except the World Championships. It settled in Yushan, Jiangxi Province in 2016, and this time it returned after a lapse of five years.

　　This competition attracted seven-time world champion Ronnie O’Sullivan, the world’s number one, 2019 world champion and defending champion Te Rump, 2023 world champion Luca Brecel, four-time world champion mark selby and other star players to participate, and 19 China players, including Ding Junhui and Zhang Anda, ranked in the TOP16, played at home.

　　During the seven-day competition, all the contestants went all out to achieve many breakthroughs. England’s Zach Schulti scored his first shot of 147 on the first day of the tournament, which also rewrote the 12-year history of this tournament without a perfect score of 147. Welsh "post-00" star Jackson Pagerik reached the semi-finals as the world champion, creating the best ranking result in his career.

　　The number of spectators and communication influence of this World Open far exceeds that of previous ones. According to incomplete statistics, the number of people watching the game and the highest number of people watching the game in a single game have set a new record for professional snooker events in the world this season, and the total box office far exceeds the previous one (2019). The relevant content of the event has been on the hot search many times, setting off a new wave of snooker craze.

　　Simon brownell, CEO of World Snooker Co., Ltd. said that the World Open has raised the sport of snooker to a new height. Many stars lamented the popularity of snooker in China and thought that the billiards atmosphere in Yushan was very good.

　　Today, Yushan, Jiangxi has become a veritable "Billiards Capital of China and Billiards City of the World". Before the World Open, the World Billiards Museum and the World Billiards Hall of Fame, which were built after ten years, were officially unveiled, and seven outstanding figures, including Ding Junhui and O ‘Sullivan, became the first celebrities in the Hall of Fame.

　　After visiting the World Billiards Museum, O ‘Sullivan said: "I am very happy to learn the history of billiards in the World Billiards Museum. I am very grateful to Yushan and Xingpai for bringing such amazing facilities. All snooker fans in the world should come here to have a look."

　　The rooting of billiards in Yushan has profoundly changed billiards in China and the world, and also greatly promoted the all-round development of tourism, catering, service and other industries in Yushan, making Yushan County, the "East Gate" of Jiangxi, look brand-new.

[Editor in charge:

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Shanghai： Building a Mobile Gas Film Laboratory to Improve Testing Efficiency

CCTV News:On April 4th, the whole city of Shanghai conducted nucleic acid screening, and medical teams were sent from many places across the country to support nucleic acid sampling and testing. At the same time, in order to improve the ability of nucleic acid detection, a number of testing institutions in Shanghai urgently set up mobile gas film laboratories. After obtaining permission from relevant departments, the reporter went to one of the mobile gas film laboratories and recorded the process of nucleic acid detection with a lens.

At 1: 30 pm on the 4th, the first batch of nucleic acid samples were delivered through the special channel for samples, and the handover and preliminary disinfection were completed at the door.

There are 6 compartments in the gas film laboratory. The first compartment is responsible for sample pre-processing, including further disinfection, plate arrangement and code scanning.

Shanghai Taiwan reporter Chen Huiying:Just now, we saw that the sent nucleic acid samples were delivered from this window. After pre-treatment, the samples arranged in a short time will be delivered from this (lower) window, and then further sent to other cabins of the gas film laboratory for processing and testing.

The other five cabins are connected by an internal channel, and the whole process of nucleic acid extraction, reagent addition, nucleic acid amplification and report uploading is completed in the cabin. Soon, the samples were delivered one after another in batches, and the inspectors all put into the experiment at the first time, including 85 foreign AIDS from Sichuan medical team.

Pan Jiakui, Head of Mobile Film Laboratory:This gas film laboratory can realize 24-hour (continuous detection) with a daily production capacity of 100,000 tubes. If 10 samples are mixed with 1 sample, one million people can be tested in one day. Today, the task we received is from receiving samples to downloading data to uploading reports, before 2 am. The total amount is also 100,000 tubes, which is a hard task.

Rural revitalization strategy： a new blueprint for the development of agriculture, countryside and farmers

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and emphasizes that "the problem of farmers in agriculture and rural areas is a fundamental issue related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, and we must always take solving the problem of agriculture, rural areas and farmers as the top priority of the whole party’s work" and put forward the strategy of "implementing rural revitalization".

Vigorously promoting rural revitalization, raising it to a strategic level and writing it into party constitution is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee with an eye to building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a socialist modernization power in an all-round way. It is an inevitable requirement for accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, enhancing the sense of happiness of hundreds of millions of farmers, consolidating the ruling foundation of the party in rural areas and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and has pointed out the direction and defined the key points for the reform and development of agriculture and rural areas in the new era.

Hundreds of millions of farmers have new expectations


In order to promote rural revitalization, Luozhuang Township, Renxian County, Hebei Province has vigorously explored the development of characteristic lantern making industry in recent years. The township has achieved annual production and sales of more than 2 million lanterns, with an output value of more than 30 million yuan. Reporter Shi Ziqiang photo

China has a long history, and the countryside plays an important role in the country. After the founding of New China, we experienced the process of industrialization, with the city and industry as the core of policy orientation, and the countryside made great contributions to the development of industry and cities.

Some analysts pointed out that today’s rural revitalization is an affirmation of the status and role of the countryside, and it is also a historical view of the status and role of the countryside. Rural revitalization and rejuvenation also reflects the unity of history and reality in the great journey of realizing the Chinese dream in rural China.

The national conditions of China’s large rural population determine that there will be no national modernization without rural revitalization and modernization.

At present, the biggest gap between China and developed countries is not in cities, but in the countryside. Rural areas are the biggest shortcomings in development, and there are problems such as insufficient infrastructure supply and backward living conditions.

Implementing the strategy of rural revitalization is an important follow-up to do a good job in "agriculture, countryside and farmers" in the new period. Han Jun, director of the Office of the Central Rural Work Leading Group, said that solving the "three rural issues" has always been the top priority of the whole party’s work. On this basis, the rural revitalization strategy was put forward, and the policy intention was clear and clear. "The report of the 19th National Congress talked about seven strategies, and the rural revitalization strategy was one of them. This is a major strategic task to build a well-off society in an all-round way and a socialist modern power in an all-round way. This is a new strategic deployment and new requirement made by the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core for the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, which is of great significance. Hundreds of millions of farmers are also full of expectations for the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. "

Rural development is full of new impetus.

Beautiful countryside, Heishan Town, Wansheng Economic and Technological Development Zone, Chongqing, is under construction. Photo by Cao Yonglong (People’s Vision)

Since the beginning of this century, the central government has increased its support for rural areas. Over the years, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee has focused on the issues of agriculture, countryside and farmers. The 17th and 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the development ideas of urban-rural overall planning and urban-rural integration respectively, which played an important role in promoting rural development and increasing farmers’ income. However, from the perspective of development momentum, the policy focuses on cities, and the policy means used are the feedback and support of cities and industries to rural areas. The rural revitalization strategy is more fully based on rural industrial, ecological, cultural and other resources, and pays more attention to the initiative of rural areas, so as to stimulate the vitality of rural development and establish a more sustainable endogenous growth mechanism.

The report of the 19th National Congress put forward that "the industry is prosperous, the ecology is livable, the rural customs are civilized, the governance is effective, and the life is rich"Yu "overall requirements for rural development. These five aspects are complementary organic whole. Prosperity of industry means jumping out of single agriculture, realizing the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, making agriculture a high-yield industry, thus driving the steady growth of farmers’ income, enhancing the cohesion of rural grass-roots organizations, making the countryside a beautiful homeland that people yearn for, and realizing rural modernization in the new era.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also put forward hit the floor’s idea of "keeping Chinese’s rice bowl firmly in his own hands". The issue of rice bowl is related to national strategic security. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the land contract relationship unchanged for a long time, so that farmers can have a "reassurance", and on the basis of stabilizing the basic rural management system, adapt to the trend of economic and social development, cultivate new agricultural management entities, and make agricultural production more efficient.

Rural revitalization depends on deepening reform

In recent years, Qianchuan Town, Lin ‘an District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province has vigorously developed ecological sightseeing agriculture and rural farmhouse music. In 2016, Qianchuan Town Farmhouse received 550,000 tourists. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Yushe

"China’s reform started from the countryside. In the new era, it is necessary to deepen reform to enhance the kinetic energy of agriculture and rural areas and promote rural revitalization." Han Changfu, Minister of Agriculture, pointed out in his article "A Tutorial Reader for the Report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China".

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the central government has issued a series of important documents to deepen rural reform, including the Comprehensive Implementation Plan for Deepening Rural Reform, and established the "four pillars and eight pillars" for rural reform and development.

The report of the 19th National Congress made further arrangements for rural reform. The report proposes to consolidate and improve agricultureVillage basic management system, deepen the reform of rural land system, and improve the "three powers" separation system of contracted land. Keep the land contract relationship stable and unchanged for a long time, and extend it for another 30 years after the second round of land contracting expires. In addition, the reform of rural collective property rights system is also the focus of rural reform delineated in the report of the 19th National Congress. The report proposes to deepen the reform of rural collective property rights system, protect farmers’ property rights and interests, and expand the collective economy.

According to Professor Zheng Fengtian, a professor at the School of Agriculture and Rural Development of China Renmin University, land policy is the starting point of rural revitalization, and rural areas can make a fuss about land and develop the old-age care industry and rural leisure tourism industry.

He analyzed that at present, most villages in China are unable to attract the urban elderly to support the elderly in the countryside, because of the lack of policy guidance, social funds can not enter the countryside, and the hardware and software conditions in the countryside can not be improved in time.

In the past few years, building ecological civilization and strengthening pollution prevention and control have become one of the important tasks in China, and the countryside is an important battlefield for this work. Therefore, the report of the 19th National Congress proposed to strengthen soil pollution control and remediation, strengthen agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control, and carry out rural human settlements improvement actions. The report also requires the completion of the delineation of three control lines: ecological protection red line, permanent basic farmland and urban development boundary; Improve the natural forest protection system and expand returning farmland to forests and grasslands; Strictly protect cultivated land, expand the pilot project of crop rotation and fallow, and improve cultivated land, grassland, forests, rivers and lakes.Rest and recuperation system, establish a market-oriented and diversified ecological compensation mechanism.

Since the beginning of this year, many reforms have been tested. The No.1 Document of the Central Committee issued at the beginning of this year proposed to increase the efforts to revitalize the rural stock of construction land on the premise of controlling the total amount of rural construction land and not occupying permanent basic farmland. Construction land saved through village renovation, homestead consolidation, etc. is allowed to take the form of shareholding and joint venture, with emphasis on supporting rural leisure, tourism, pension and other industries and the integrated development of rural tertiary industry. In August this year, the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development jointly issued the "Pilot Program for Building Rental Housing with Collective Construction Land".

Accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.


In the construction of beautiful countryside, Jinzhai County has basically achieved the goal of having a farmers’ cultural paradise in every village. Xinhua News Agency reporter Tao Mingshe

The report of the 19th National Congress proposed to accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. From the past "agricultural modernization" to "agricultural and rural modernization", this is the party’s rethinking of the positioning of agriculture and rural areas, which will usher in new development opportunities for agriculture and rural areas.

"Promoting the modernization of agriculture and rural areas involves the construction of rural economy, rural politics, rural culture, rural society and rural ecological civilization." Han Jun said.

The communique of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee put forward a major historical task-the construction of a new socialist countryside, and its policy is "development of production, affluent life, civilized rural customs, clean village appearance and democratic management". Twelve years later, the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China used 20 words and put forward new requirements: "the industry is prosperous, the ecology is livable, the rural customs are civilized, the governance is effective, and the life is rich". Experts said that the changes from "production development" to "industrial prosperity", from "clean villages" to "ecologically livable", from "affluent life" to "affluent life" and from "democratic management" to "effective governance" reflect the inevitable requirements of agricultural and rural development to a new stage under the new historical background.

At present, China’s economic strength and comprehensive national strength have been significantly enhanced, and it has the material and technical conditions to support the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. Han Jun said that it is necessary to mobilize all social forces to increase support for "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and strive to form a new development pattern of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" in China.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to keep the land contract relationship stable and unchanged for a long time, and to extend it for another 30 years after the second round of land contracting expires. Han Changfu believes that "this is a policy’ big gift package’ for hundreds of millions of farmers."

Han Changfu said that this policy arrangement conforms to the expectations of farmers and brings tangible benefits to farmers. Farmers can not only settle down to engage in production, but also transfer land management rights with confidence, and they can also work in cities with peace of mind. The expectation of new-type agricultural operators is also more stable. They can invest with confidence, expand production and improve farmland facilities, which is conducive to the formation of various forms of moderate scale management and the promotion of agricultural modernization with China characteristics.

Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the Institute of Rural Development of China Academy of Social Sciences, said: "The report of the 19th National Congress put forward the strategy of rural revitalization, which has well inherited the Party’s consistent attention to the issue of agriculture, rural areas and farmers and carried out innovative development, which is conducive to the formation of a two-wheel drive of urbanization and urbanization." He said that adhering to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas has released a signal to all sectors of society: the allocation of resource elements should continue to tilt towards "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" to make up for shortcomings and strong and weak items, and the cause of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" is promising.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to build a modern agricultural industrial system, production system and management system, improve the agricultural support and protection system, develop various forms of moderate scale operation, cultivate new agricultural business entities, improve the agricultural socialized service system, and realize the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development. Experts said that the report emphasizes the relationship between "small farmers" and "modern agriculture", which is the protection of vulnerable groups in the process of agricultural and rural modernization.

The new blueprint for the development of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" has been drawn, and the rural revitalization that people expect is no longer far away.

"It is foreseeable that the rural revitalization strategy will really benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers, narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas, and lay the foundation for the realization of the goal of’ two hundred years’." Li Guoxiang said. (Reporter Lu Peifa)

Report Intensive Reading ｜ Blue Book of Automobile and Insurance： China Automobile and Insurance Big Data Development Report (2018)

foreword

The data range of compulsory traffic insurance for smart driving cars is the data of traffic insurance in Shanxi, Hebei, Tianjin, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning. The average accident rate is 12.1%, which is 0.9 percentage points lower than that of non-intelligent driving cars, and the average case compensation is 2413 yuan, which is 0.9 percentage points lower than that of non-intelligent driving cars.

Author | Leather Book

Source | leather book theory

Please add WeChat to contribute:17301794939

Recently, the Blue Book of Automobile and Insurance: Big Data Development Report of China Automobile and Insurance (2018) was released. According to the Blue Book, as of December 2017, a total of 68 insurance companies and 954 provincial insurance branches across the country had access to the auto insurance platform to carry out business, underwriting motor vehicle insurance premiums reached 793.1 billion yuan, up 12.3% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 2.9 percentage points lower than that of the previous year.

1. "Networking" has gradually become the main consumer after 90 years.

China’s next-generation car buyers are the "networked" generation born in 1990s, and they gradually become the main force of automobile consumption. At present, the population of the generation born in 1990s has reached 174 million, accounting for 13% of the total population. The trend of younger consumer groups in third-tier and fourth-tier cities is obvious, and it is estimated that the proportion of new car owners will reach 20% after 1990s in 2017.

Although the car owners on campus account for a small proportion in the overall automobile market, as the people with the greatest consumption potential at present, more and more college students have begun to consider the problem of car purchase, which is on the rise year by year. According to the report and survey, college students represented by the post-90s generation are becoming a new force in social consumption. 65% of college students said that they have a clear car purchase plan, and less than 40% have no car purchase plan. Among the college students who have a car purchase plan, boys are more willing to buy a car, accounting for 70%, while girls only account for 30%.

At the same time, the post-90 s, who grew rapidly in the information age, were maverick and flamboyant. In the scene of car use, in addition to the common reasons such as convenient travel and commuting, their use of cars for social interaction is also very prominent. For them, the car is not an element to improve the quality of life, but a medium to connect and socialize with his circle.

In terms of car purchase considerations, the appearance and interior are the most concerned after 90. The post-90s generation don’t think that foreign brands must be better than their own brands. In their minds, these are secondary. They only care about whether the concept declared by the brand conforms to their own personality and whether they show their own characteristics in the circle. The post-90s generation pays more attention to the sense of automobile fashion and personalization, and demands a sense of science and technology for the interior. In order to cater to the consumption habits of the post-90s generation, car companies should further improve the appearance and interior design of the new generation models, with more emphasis on dynamics, individuality and sensibility.

As people born and raised with the internet, it is very important for them to get information in real time, whether it is people, people and machines, machines and machines. They prefer smart internet technology and think that the synchronization function between mobile phone and car is "very attractive".

Compared with the consumer groups in other eras, the post-90 s consumption concept is advanced, and they dare to overdraw their future consumption in advance; The widespread popularity of car loans also makes the post-90s generation pay much more attention to car loans than the post-90s generation, and the price sensitivity is lower than that of the post-90s generation. As a generation growing up with the Internet, the consumption concept of the post-90s generation is quite different from that of other consumer groups. Car companies need to re-examine brand positioning, update vehicle design and change marketing strategies to meet the needs of the new main players in the market.

2. The level of domestic automobile intelligence has been gradually improved.

From the historical annual changesThe intelligent level of automobiles in China has been gradually improved. Before 2010, the proportion of smart driving cars was almost zero. From 2011 to 2013, the development of smart driving cars started. In recent years, the proportion of smart driving cars increased significantly. In 2018, the proportion of L1-level smart driving cars was 4.7%, and that of L2-level smart driving cars was 4.2%, which developed rapidly, including L2-level smart driving in 2016 and 2017.

From the geographical distribution of intelligent driving carsThe level of automobile intelligence in coastal areas is relatively high. The data shows that the proportion of smart driving cars in 20 provinces and cities in China exceeds 6.0%, and the data range is national vehicles. Among them, the proportion of smart driving cars in Shanghai, Shenzhen and Tianjin ranks among the top three in China, all above 10.0%. Other cities with smart driving cars accounting for more than 8.0% are Xiamen, Dalian and Ningbo, while the proportion of smart driving cars in Henan and Hebei is the lowest, all below 5.0%.

Judging from the price of smart driving carsWith the improvement of intelligence level, the purchase price of new cars has moved up obviously, and middle and high-end cars occupy the mainstream. The data shows that the average purchase price of new cars for vehicles with intelligence levels L1 and L2 ranges from vehicles in Shanxi, Hebei, Tianjin, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning. They are 279,000 and 350,000 respectively, which are 2.3 times and 2.8 times of the models with intelligence level L0 respectively.

Distinguish vehicles according to whether they are smart cars or not.It can be found that the risk difference between intelligent driving cars and non-intelligent driving cars is significant.The data range of compulsory traffic insurance for smart driving cars is the data of traffic insurance in Shanxi, Hebei, Tianjin, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning. The average accident rate is 12.1%, which is 0.9 percentage points lower than that of non-intelligent driving cars, and the average case compensation is 2413 yuan, which is 0.9 percentage points lower than that of non-intelligent driving cars.It can be seen that the application of intelligent driving technology significantly reduces the occurrence of traffic accidents, because most intelligent driving cars not only have a single control system, but also are usually equipped with corresponding early warning devices. For example, most intelligent driving cars are equipped with auxiliary parking devices, and the combined action of these systems has a positive impact on increasing road safety.

3. There is a big difference between the death compensation expenses and the average coverage of the three liability insurance in all parts of the country.

The risk of death liability in traffic accidents in various regions is mainly reflected in the standard of death compensation fees in various regions, which is closely related to the local economic development. The gap between the average insurance coverage of motor vehicle three liability insurance and the local standard of death compensation costs shows the actual level of protection in the region in reverse. Under the condition that the death compensation limit of compulsory insurance is fixed, the average coverage of three liability insurance is the main factor that affects the actual protection level.

The standard of death compensation fees varies greatly across the country. Among them, there are 11 provinces and cities with compensation fees exceeding 1 million yuan; There are 7 provinces and cities with 800,000 ~ 1 million yuan, and 18 provinces and cities with less than 800,000 yuan. The highest standard (Shanghai, about 1.58 million yuan) is about 2.2 times of the lowest standard (Heilongjiang, about 710,000 yuan), with a difference of about 870,000 yuan.

There are the following characteristics between the average coverage of three liability insurance in various places and the local death compensation fee standard:

First, the degree of risk exposure varies greatly across the country.The gap between the average coverage of the national three liability insurance and the standard of death compensation expenses is 147,000 yuan, which is 27,000 yuan less than that of the previous year. The gap in various regions is 22,000 yuan (Fujian) to 885,000 yuan (Beijing).

Second, the security gap in the economically developed areas in the east is greater than that in the economically underdeveloped areas in the central and western regions.Most of the 10 provinces with the largest security gap are economically developed areas in the east, and 5 of the 10 provinces with the smallest security gap are economically underdeveloped areas in the central and western regions. This is mainly because the standard of death compensation in economically developed areas far exceeds that in economically underdeveloped areas, and the average coverage of three liability insurance is relatively small between regions.

The Blue Book calls on relevant units and car owners to further raise their risk awareness, actively use insurance tools for liability risk management, and ensure that traffic accident victims get adequate compensation for losses. Especially in areas with higher economic level, the death compensation standard is higher, and the coverage gap is often larger, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Ningbo, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Qingdao, Zhejiang, Dalian and other places, where the coverage gap is more than 300,000 yuan. Consumers should pay more attention and reasonably choose the insurance coverage.

4. China’s auto insurance market has developed steadily, with both premium scale and insurance coverage rate increasing.

In 2017, China’s auto insurance market developed steadily. As of December 2017, a total of 68 insurance companies and 954 provincial-level insurance branches in China had access to the auto insurance platform to carry out business, underwriting motor vehicle insurance premiums reached 793.1 billion yuan, up 12.3% year-on-year, and the growth rate decreased by 2.9 percentage points over the previous year.

Aspects of premium scaleIn 2017, 169 million motor vehicle commercial insurance policies were underwritten nationwide, up 16.9% year-on-year, and the scale of commercial auto insurance premiums reached 599.15 billion yuan, up 12.3% year-on-year.

From the perspective of regional distribution, the scale of commercial insurance premiums in eastern and southern regions is larger than that in western and northern regions, and the scale of commercial insurance premiums in provinces with large population is often higher. Among them, the policy premiums of Jiangsu, Guangdong and Zhejiang provinces are all above 40 billion yuan; Insurance premiums in Qinghai, Ningxia, Tibet, Dalian, Hainan and other regions are below 5 billion yuan.

Judging from the changes in the scale of premiums, there were 11 regions with premiums of 20 billion yuan or more in 2017, two more than in 2016 (Shanghai and Hubei); There are 22 regions with premiums of 10 billion yuan or more, two more than in 2016 (Guizhou and Guangxi).

In terms of growth rate, Henan has the fastest growth rate, with a year-on-year increase of 23.1%; Dalian has the slowest growth rate, with a year-on-year increase of 2.4%.

In terms of insurance coverage rateIn 2017, the national commercial insurance coverage rate Commercial insurance coverage rate = number of commercial insurance policies/number of compulsory insurance policies. 81.8%, an increase of 2.4 percentage points over the previous year.

The regional characteristics of commercial insurance coverage are obvious, and the overall commercial insurance coverage rate in southern China is higher than that in northern China. The commercial insurance coverage rates in Zhejiang, Ningbo, Xiamen and Chongqing are higher, all above 95%, while those in Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi and most parts of Northeast and Northwest China are lower, all below 70%. Among them, Tibet’s commercial insurance coverage rate is the lowest, only 41.2%; Ningbo has the highest commercial insurance coverage rate of 97.7%, which is about 2.4 times that of Tibet.

Judging from the change range of commercial insurance coverage rate, Henan has the largest growth rate, increasing by 6.7 percentage points year-on-year; The insurance coverage rate in Shanghai experienced a negative growth, down 1.9 percentage points year-on-year.

This article is reproduced from the book, saying that the views of the article do not represent the position of AC cars.

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Question and answer on enrollment policy of retired soldiers in colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province in 2022

　　　　　　College-to-undergraduate program in ordinary colleges and universities is a talent training mode in which graduates from ordinary higher vocational colleges (junior colleges) pass the unified examination in the whole province and choose the best to enter ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities to continue their undergraduate education.
　　　　　　The examination is divided into professional course examination and cultural course unified examination (hereinafter referred to as the unified examination). Among them, the professional course assessment is the qualification examination for registration, and the candidate’s school is responsible for the proposition and organization assessment; Culture class is a unified examination subject, which is divided according to the categories of enrollment majors. The unified examination subjects of literature, history, art and medicine are college Chinese and college English, and the unified examination subjects of science and engineering are advanced mathematics and college English. The unified examination subjects are unified proposition, examination and marking in the whole province, and the unified examination results are taken as the admission basis.
　　　　　　The comprehensive test of vocational skills is based on the "General Office of the Ministry of Education on doing a good job"2022Notice on Enrollment of Undergraduate Examination in Ordinary Colleges and Universities in "(Teaching Hall〔2021〕No.8) The spirit of the document is a test organized for retired college students and soldiers who are exempt from the test.
　　　　　　1. What are the exams for the college entrance examination in Shaanxi Province?
　　　　　　one．Professional course assessment, organized by the source school, before the start of registration. Passing the examination of specialized courses is one of the conditions for ordinary graduating students to apply for the college entrance examination.
　　　　　　2．The unified examination of cultural courses is organized by the Provincial Education Examinations Institute, and the results of the unified examination are the basis for school enrollment.
　　　　　　three．The comprehensive test of vocational skills is a test specially organized for retired soldiers who are exempt from the test, and the test results are the basis for school enrollment.
　　　　　　2. What are the preferential policies for retired soldiers in Shaanxi Province in 2022?
　　　　　　According to the spirit of the relevant documents of the Ministry of Education and the National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission, from the year of enrollment in 2022, higher vocational (junior college) graduates and students (including college freshmen) who have completed their studies in higher vocational (junior college) after retirement can apply to participate in the enrollment of retired college students in relevant universities without taking the test. According to the spirit of the document of the Ministry of Education and the reality of Shaanxi Province, there are the following preferential policies for retired soldiers:
　　　　　　The first type, referred to as "ex-soldiers without test" for short, refers to those who were recruited from Shaanxi Province after being admitted to ordinary higher vocational colleges (colleges) and during their school days, and retired and resumed their studies.2022Fresh graduates in 2008; After graduating from ordinary higher vocational colleges (colleges), he was enlisted from Shaanxi Province and retired within two years (January 1, 2020Former graduates who retired).
　　　　　　Examination-free unified examination and professional course examination must participate in the comprehensive test of vocational skills in the province.
　　　　　　The second type, referred to as "non-exam-free retired soldiers", refers to the fresh and past graduates of ordinary higher vocational colleges (specialties) with Shaanxi household registration and retirement certificates (including ex-soldiers who voluntarily gave up their exam-free qualifications).
　　　　　　Exempt from the examination of professional courses, participate in the unified examination of the whole province, and increase the score of the unified examination by 10 points for admission.
　　　　　　Third, retired soldiers who won personal third-class merit and above awards during their service are exempted from comprehensive vocational skills tests, and are admitted to the enrollment colleges according to the candidates’ selection.
　　　　　　Special note: retired soldiers who do not meet the above three conditions will apply for the exam according to the conditions of ordinary students and will not enjoy the preferential treatment policy.
　　　　　　Third, since the ex-soldiers who are exempt from the test have been exempted from the unified examination, why should they take the comprehensive test of vocational skills?
　　　　　　According to the teaching hall〔2021〕8Document No.1 stipulates that retired college soldiers who meet the exemption conditions are exempt from taking the cultural examination, and can organize relevant comprehensive examinations of vocational adaptability or vocational skills according to the requirements of professional personnel training, and the comprehensive test results of vocational skills are used as the basis for enrollment of each school.
　　　　　　4. Can retired soldiers who are exempt from the test apply for the unified examination?
　　　　　　Retired soldiers who are exempt from the test can give up their exemption qualification according to their personal wishes, participate in the unified examination, and enjoy the same care policy as non-exempt retired soldiers.10The scores of the unified examination will be accepted.
　　　　　　5. What registration conditions do retired soldiers need to meet?
　　　　　　one．Abide by the Constitution and laws of People’s Republic of China (PRC);
　　　　　　2．Comprehensive performance during school study and service is good, and there is no bad record;
　　　　　　three．The majors to be registered must conform to the provisions of the Catalogue of the Majors for the Examination of Colleges and Universities in Shaanxi Province formulated by the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education, and the majors to be registered should be one of the undergraduate enrollment majors corresponding to the majors studied in higher vocational colleges.
　　　　　　fourAfter retiring, I took the entrance examination for the first time.
　　　　　　6. What is the registration process for retired soldiers?
　　　　　　one．Registration includes preliminary qualification examination and information entry, online registration, qualification review and information collection, and online payment.
　　　　　　The registration process is as follows: preliminary qualification examination and information entry (which is the responsibility of veterans affairs department) → Online registration of candidates → Fill in personal basic information and confirm to submit → On-site qualification review and information collection (by urban examination institutions) → Pay online.
　　　　　　2．Candidates must fill in the form accurately, and the consequences arising from failure to meet the requirements of registration conditions, false information or violation of professional registration requirements shall be borne by candidates.
　　　　　　three．Candidates can only register successfully if they complete all the steps on time.
　　　　　　Seven, retired soldiers how to conduct qualification examination and information collection?
　　　　　　one．Pre-qualification examination: Before online registration, Shaanxi Veterans Affairs Department conducts pre-qualification examination and information entry on the name, ID number, domicile, enlistment place, enlistment time, retirement time, and whether or not individual third-class merit or above awards were awarded during service.
　　　　　　2．Qualification re-examination: Candidates who have passed the preliminary qualification examination will go to the city (district) admissions examination institution of their choice for on-site qualification re-examination, identity verification and information collection with the original and photocopy of relevant materials within the specified time.
　　　　　　For the specific time, address and required materials, please refer to2022Measures for the Implementation of Enrollment of Colleges and Universities in Shaanxi Province in (to be released).
　　　　　　8. What is the comprehensive test of vocational skills?
　　　　　　The comprehensive test of vocational skills is unified in the whole province, which combines the characteristics of retired college students and soldiers, including Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system, basic military theory, ideological and political education and modern history of China, ideological and moral cultivation and legal basis, situation and policies, and basic common sense.
　　　　　　9. Which schools can retired soldiers apply for?
　　　　　　Log in to Shaanxi Admissions Examination Information Network to view "2022In 2008, Shaanxi ordinary colleges and universities upgraded to undergraduate examination professional corresponding directory, to find my corresponding undergraduate major in higher vocational colleges. When the graduation major of higher vocational colleges corresponds to multiple undergraduate enrollment majors, only one of them can be selected to apply for the exam.
　　　　　　After finding the corresponding undergraduate major, check out "2022In 2008, the Catalogue of Enrollment Majors of Colleges and Universities in Shaanxi Province, which includes this year’s enrollment majors and enrollment colleges, that is, the schools that candidates can apply for.
　　　　　　The enrollment plan for junior college students in Shaanxi Province implements the management method of "first registration, then preparation". After the registration, the Provincial Department of Education will prepare the enrollment plan of each major according to the enrollment number of each major, and make necessary adjustments to the enrollment schools corresponding to the majors with a small number of individual applicants to ensure that the enrollment number of each major has the minimum conditions for starting classes.
　　　　　　The enrollment plan will be announced after the results are released. After the plan is announced, candidates will log in to the official website College Entrance Examination System of Shaanxi Education Examinations Institute to inquire about the enrollment plan and fill in the school volunteers.
　　　　　　10. Where can I check the information and announcements such as the enrollment catalogue, professional correspondence catalogue, registration time and examination time?
　　　　　　"Shaanxi Education Examinations Institute" (http://www.sneea.cn/) and "Shaanxi Admissions Examination Information Network" (http://www.sneac.com/) are the official websites of Shaanxi Education Examinations Institute. Candidates can log in to official website to check the published professional correspondence catalogue and enrollment catalogue. For specific information such as registration and examination, please refer to the "Implementation Measures for Enrollment of Colleges and Universities in Shaanxi Province in 2022".
　　　　　　After successful registration, candidates should pay close attention to the information announcements issued by official website of Shaanxi Education Examinations Institute and WeChat official account, the "Shaanxi Examination Enrollment", so as to keep abreast of the latest policies and successfully take the exam.
　　　　　　Eleven, retired soldiers are full-time full-time study after admission, do you need to pay tuition?
　　　　　　Ordinary colleges and universities are full-time full-time education, and all candidates, including retired soldiers, must study full-time full-time after admission; Tuition fees need to be paid according to the admission school fees.

　 　 　 Extended reading:Measures for the implementation of the enrollment of colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province in 2022

Popular science： five viruses carried by animals and the global disasters caused by them

Carl Zimmer reads books on Phoenix.com.

In this paper, the discovery history of five kinds of germs that have been raging and spreading wildly in human beings is discussed, including HIV virus, West Nile virus, Ebola virus, SARS virus and MERS virus. What needs to be known is that although the greatest scientists in the world are still engaged in medical research intensively and have put forward many effective measures to suppress it, even if human beings are expected to completely eliminate these diseases, it is not yet. What we can do is to take the initiative to understand it.

01

HIV virus

From October 1980 to May 1981, five men in Los Angeles, USA, were admitted to hospital for the same rare pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

This kind of pneumonia is caused by Pneumocystis carinii fungus, its spores are everywhere, and most people have inhaled it into the respiratory tract at some point in their childhood. But people’s immune system will quickly kill these fungi and produce antibodies to protect their owners for life. However, if this person’s immune system is weak, Pneumocystis carinii will get out of control, and the patient’s lungs will be filled with fluid and scarred. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia patients have difficulty in inhaling enough oxygen, so it is difficult to survive. However, the symptoms of these five patients are not typical-they are all young men who were in good health before suffering from pneumonia.

At that time, no one knew that these cases would quickly evolve into the most horrible epidemic in contemporary history. In fact, all patients have immune dysfunction at the cellular level, and the initiator is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is HIV. Later researchers discovered that this virus has been quietly infecting humans for 50 years. Since their discovery in the 1980s, they have continued to infect 60 million people and killed half of them.

HIV virus

HIV is well-known, but it is not contagious, and people are not easily infected with AIDS. Even if the patient sneezes next to you or even shakes your hand, you won’t be infected. HIV can only be transmitted through certain kinds of body fluids, such as blood and semen. Therefore, unprotected sex will spread the virus, and people will be infected if they lose blood contaminated by the virus; If expectant mothers are HIV carriers, they may also transmit it to unborn children; Some heroin addicts share needles with others. If others are AIDS patients, the virus is likely to enter his body through contaminated needles.

Once HIV enters the human body, it will attack the human immune system. Its target is an immune cell named CD4. When the virus gene and protein manipulate and gradually take over the whole host cell, these cells can be used to replicate more HIV viruses and infect more cells. At first, the number of HIV virus in the human body will increase rapidly, but once the immune system recognizes the infected cells, it will start a desperate blow, and the infected cells will be destroyed by the autoimmune system, and the number of viruses will decrease. At this time, the patient will feel that he has only a slight flu. The immune system can successfully wipe out most HIV viruses, but a small number of viruses will survive quietly and hide in CD4 cells to continue to grow and divide. They are calm as usual most of the time, and occasionally wake up again, releasing a wave of viruses and infecting more cells. Although at this time, the immune system will rush to suppress the sudden small attack, but repeated many times, the immune system will eventually be exhausted and completely collapsed.

The time of immune system failure varies from person to person, which may take only one year or as long as 20 years. But no matter how long this process takes, the day will come: the patient’s immune system can no longer do its job, and those diseases that could not harm healthy people will become fatal. In the early 1980s, a large number of patients with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia flooded into hospitals, in fact, they were all infected with HIV.

In this way, before finding the virus, the doctor first saw the power of HIV. They named the disease Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) for short. In 1983, two years after people first observed AIDS patients, a group of French scientists really isolated HIV from patients, and more studies also confirmed that the source of AIDS was HIV. But at the same time, in the United States and other countries, AIDS cases have emerged one after another, and in just a few years, it has become a global killer, and it has also become a mystery in the field of epidemiology.

It took scientists 30 years to figure out the root cause of AIDS-

In 1985, scientists tried to add HIV antibody to the serum of monkeys with similar symptoms, and as a result, they actually "fished" a new virus, which was named monkey immunodeficiency virus, or SIV for short. Scientists concluded that HIV may have evolved from one of the SIV viruses, but which one was unknown at that time.

In 1991, a scientist found a virus very similar to HIV in mangabey, West Africa. Later, new research showed that HIV was not of a single origin, and scientists divided it into two types, named HIV-1 and HIV-2 respectively. Among them, HIV-2 evolved independently from SIV virus carried by mangabey, and the source of HIV-1 is still confusing.

But HIV-1 is the main culprit of AIDS, and it took longer to find out the source of HIV-1. Relevant researchers have divided all the HIV-1 viruses in the world into four groups, among which 90% of AIDS is caused by M group virus, and other virus strains belong to N, O and P groups respectively, with a small number. After long-term research, it was not until 2015 that the life experiences of all four groups of HIV-1 viruses were settled. They came from Cameroonian gorillas mainly living in African forests.

Obviously, when scientists discovered HIV in 1983, the virus had become a potential global disaster; When scientists finally started to fight back, the virus had already occupied the first-Mover advantage. In the 1980s and 1990s, the number of people who died of AIDS kept rising. Some scientists are optimistic that a vaccine against the virus can be developed quickly, but a series of failed experiments have dashed their hopes.

It took many years of human efforts to control the epidemic of AIDS. Public health workers have tried a series of public health policies, such as controlling the use of needles and distributing condoms, and achieved corresponding results. Since then, the advent of anti-AIDS drugs has played a great role in the human struggle against the virus.

December 1, World AIDS Day

Today, millions of AIDS patients are receiving cocktail therapy, which uses a series of drugs to interfere with HIV infection of immune cells in order to prevent the virus from replicating with immune cells. In countries with strong economic strength, such as the United States, these drugs have indeed enabled many patients to regain relatively healthy bodies. Government organizations and some non-governmental organizations have sent these drugs to poorer countries, and AIDS victims in these areas have been able to prolong their lives. In 2005, the death rate of AIDS reached the highest in history, and 2.5 million people lost their lives that year, but the power of the virus has been weakened year by year since then. By 2013, the number of people who died of AIDS had dropped to 1.5 million.

Theoretically, we can make this number zero. Aids vaccine is still the best hope to achieve this goal, and recent research has rekindled people’s hope that an effective vaccine may be just around the corner. The widespread use of anti-HIV drugs can also effectively control the number of viruses in infected AIDS patients. At the same time, researchers are actively exploring, hoping to find the fatal weakness of these viruses.

Now human beings have a very deep understanding of HIV, and we even know the molecular changes that the virus has made to adapt to human beings in the past 100 years. It is entirely possible for us to destroy these adaptive traits one by one on this basis. In other words, the future of AIDS prevention and treatment, the answer may be hidden in its past.

02

West Nile virus

In the summer of 1999, some crows died strangely in the Bronx Zoo Park in new york, USA. Then, three flamingos in the zoo died suddenly, followed by a pheasant, a vulture and a cormorant.

At the same time, doctors in Queens, new york discovered a number of cases of encephalitis, the number of which is worrying. Usually, there are only 9 cases of this disease in the whole city of new york a year, but in August 1999, there were 8 cases in Queens just over a weekend. As summer passed, more cases appeared. Some patients were paralyzed by severe fever. By the beginning of September, 9 deaths had been reported.

On the one hand, doctors in Queens, new york are still worried about the strange diseases that broke out in the crowd. On the other hand, Tracy McNamara, chief pathologist of Bronx Zoo, got the answer to the question first. She suspects that it may be the same pathogen that causes the bizarre death of people and birds. Under her persuasion, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began to analyze the genetic material of the virus. On September 22nd, researchers were surprised to find that birds didn’t die of St Louis encephalitis, but the real culprit was a pathogen called West Nile virus. This virus not only infects birds, but also affects people in parts of Asia, Europe and Africa.

At the same time, public health workers are still deeply puzzled by the inexplicable cases of human encephalitis and decide to search deeply. Two research teams have successfully isolated the genetic material from the virus that infects humans, and confirmed the type of virus-the West Nile virus that infects zoo birds actually killed people. This result also surprised researchers. In North and South America, no one has ever been infected with this virus.

Yellow virus, West Nile virus is one of them.

The United States is the birthplace of many kinds of human pathogenic viruses, some of which are ancient and some are new types of viruses. About 15 thousand years ago, human footprints reached the western hemisphere, and they brought a lot of viruses with them. When Europeans came to the New World, they brought a second wave of viruses. New diseases, including influenza and smallpox, swept across the American continent, killing millions of Native Americans. Since then, more new viruses have poured in. In the 1970s, HIV was introduced into the United States, and at the end of the 20th century, West Nile virus became a new "immigrant" in the United States.

It is only 60 years since the West Nile virus was first discovered by humans. In 1937, a woman in the West Nile region of Uganda began to have a strange fever. She came to the hospital, and the doctor isolated a new virus from her blood and named it after the discovery area. In the following decades, scientists found the same virus in many patients along the eastern Mediterranean coast, Asia and Australia. However, they also found that this West Nile virus does not mainly rely on human survival, but infects many kinds of birds and uses them to multiply and multiply.

At first, people didn’t know how the West Nile virus spread between people, birds and birds, or birds and people. It was not until scientists found the virus in a completely different species that the truth came out. This mysterious creature is the mosquito, which almost gives the virus a "wing"-when a mosquito carrying the virus bites a bird and sucks blood, it will inject its saliva into the wound of the bird’s skin, and at the same time inject the West Nile virus, which will multiply rapidly in the bird in a short time.

Studies on the genes of West Nile virus show that it originally evolved from Africa. Birds migrate from Africa to other parts of the Eastern Hemisphere, spreading the virus to new bird species and infecting humans. From birds to mosquitoes to birds, West Nile virus spread throughout the United States in just four years. At the same time, the virus also "landed" on millions of people, and only about 25% of those infected will have fever symptoms. Scientists estimate that from 1999 to 2013, more than 780,000 people were infected with West Nile virus, of which 16,196 developed encephalitis and 1,549 died.

After the West Nile virus arrived in the United States, it entered a stable life cycle, and the rhythm of this cycle was controlled by the life history of birds and mosquitoes. When chicks are born in spring, mosquitoes carrying viruses bite them. As a result, the number of birds infected with the virus continued to rise throughout the summer; New mosquitoes infect the virus by sucking the blood of these birds, and then bite people; People often spend more time outdoors in these relatively warm months of the year, and are more vulnerable to mosquito bites, thus being infected with West Nile virus.

Now that the West Nile virus has been integrated into the ecological environment of the United States, it may be difficult to kill them all. Even if doctors can develop vaccines to prevent humans from becoming the host of viruses, they can still thrive with the help of birds. Unfortunately, no West Nile virus vaccine has been approved at present, and probably never will be. Because although the virus infects many people, only a small part of them will develop encephalitis, and even fewer people will die from encephalitis. The cost of widely vaccinating Americans is extremely expensive, far exceeding the cost of treating those infected.

After arriving in America, the development prospect of West Nile virus is "optimistic". This is a warm and humid continent, and when the rainfall is heavy, the humidity and temperature are high, the epidemic situation is more likely to break out. Warm, rainy and sultry weather makes mosquitoes breed faster and lengthen their breeding season. At the same time, this weather can also accelerate the growth of viruses in mosquitoes. It seems that the West Nile virus has settled in this new continent, and our "efforts" are also making this home more comfortable.

03

Ebola virus

On December 2, 2013, a 2-year-old boy fell ill in the village of Meriando in southeastern Guinea. The child, Emil Wamuno, first had a fever, and then he began to vomit violently, accompanied by jet diarrhea and blood in his stool. No one in Meriando has seen similar symptoms. His family tried their best to take care of him, but by December 6, the child was still dead. It was a virus that killed the boy. When he died, the descendants of the virus had spread to other family members. Soon, Emil’s 4-year-old sister developed the same symptoms and died. Then the boy’s mother and grandmother. They probably got infected through the cruelest way we can think of-taking care of the dying boy.

If the virus stops here, this family tragedy is likely to be unknown outside the village of Meriando. Many people in Guinea die from viruses and other pathogens every day, but this virus is completely different. It is extremely deadly, and 70% of infected people will eventually die. The boy’s family has transmitted the virus to a nurse and the village midwife. After they got sick, the midwife was taken back to her hometown, and the virus continued to spread further by taking care of her family. At the same time, some people came from other villages to attend the funeral of Emil’s grandmother, and when they returned to their respective villages, they also fell ill.

Soon, the epidemic began to spread around the world. Meriando village is located on the border of Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia, and people often cross the border to do business or visit their families. The virus broke out in Sierra Leone and Liberia in a short time. However, because the disease is still concentrated in remote villages located in the tropical rain forest, the outside world is too lightly. It was not until March 2014 that the Guinean medical department finally announced that they had confirmed the culprit of the epidemic: Ebola virus.

Ebola virus under microscope

Some viruses are the old enemies of mankind. Rhinovirus began to make ancient Egyptians catch cold thousands of years ago, and endogenous retrovirus invaded the genome of our primate ancestors as early as tens of millions of years ago. There are also young people, and HIV only became a virus that can infect humans about 100 years ago. A large number of viruses have just begun to spread from person to person, triggering waves of new epidemics and arousing human concerns about new global epidemics. But of all these newly discovered viruses, none is more frightening than Ebola.

In 1976, Ebola virus entered the historical stage, and its first appearance showed its terrible lethality. In a remote area in Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo), people began to have fever and vomit, and some patients were bleeding from all the openings such as nose and mouth, even from their eyes. A doctor collected a blood sample from a dying nun and put it in a thermos. Later, he sent the sample to Kinshasa, the capital of Zaire, and took it all the way back to Belgium by plane and gave it to the young virologist Peter Piot. Through the electron microscope, Pio observed a large group of snake-shaped viruses.

On high alert, scientists rushed to Zaire and finally arrived in Yambuku village to investigate the initial outbreak of the epidemic. There is a hotel here. Some nuns and priests are hiding in it. Visitors are blocked by ropes at the door. There is also a sign hanging on the rope, which reads: "Do not enter, entering may lead to death."

Soon, the Pio team found out how the unnamed virus spread. It turned out that the virus would spread from person to person. There is no evidence that this virus can float in the air like influenza or measles virus. In fact, it is spread by the body fluids of the victims. A local hospital used syringes repeatedly, and as a result, the virus spread to many patients. The staff who take care of the patients and wash the bodies of the dead are also sick.

Although Ebola virus is extremely deadly, its spread is relatively easy to cut off. Pio and his colleagues closed the hospital and isolated people with symptoms. After three months, the epidemic was controlled. 318 people died in this plague.

In the same year, Ebola virus appeared in Sudan, killing 284 people. Three years later, it made a comeback in Sudan, killing 34 people. Then it disappeared for 15 years, and in 1994 it launched an attack in Gabon, killing 52 people. Every outbreak has made Pio’s successors know more about Ebola virus. People gradually realize that as long as the patient’s whereabouts are tracked and properly isolated, new infections can be prevented. But they haven’t found a suitable vaccine, and they haven’t developed corresponding antiviral drugs.

Many viruses can suddenly break out when the conditions are right. But a virus like measles or chickenpox, once it breaks out, will not completely disappear from our bodies. It just hides in a low profile and spreads tepidly. The Ebola virus is different. When a plague subsides, it seems that the Ebola virus will disappear, but it will suddenly appear a few years later and launch a crazy attack again.

Some virologists are curious, where did the Ebola virus disappear in these years? Scientists have found that gorillas and chimpanzees are also infected with Ebola virus, and the mortality rate is very high, while bats have antibodies to Ebola virus, which seems to help bats coexist peacefully with the virus. Perhaps, under normal circumstances, Ebola virus will spread among bat individuals, but it will not cause any harm to them. Sometimes the virus will suddenly penetrate into human beings.

One thing is clear about Ebola virus: although we are completely unfamiliar with them, they are really an ancient virus. For millions of years, Ebola virus has been spreading in various mammalian hosts. They are harmless in some species, but sometimes they jump to other species and show a fatal side in these species. Humans are the latest target of Ebola virus attack. Meat or fruit contaminated by bat saliva may carry the virus, and people may be infected if they eat these contaminated foods. No matter by what route, once Ebola virus enters our body, it can quickly invade immune cells, leading to a serious inflammatory reaction. Patients will have violent diarrhea, vomiting, and sometimes massive bleeding until they die.

After Ebola virus enters a person’s body from an animal, its fate depends on the behavior of people around the victim. If people come into contact with infected people, they will be infected with Ebola and continue to spread to more people. In the first 37 years of human history, Ebola virus always disappeared by itself within a few months after a new outbreak, with the death or recovery of the host.

But in these 37 years, the living environment of human beings has changed. In the past, the sphere of influence of Ebola virus was generally confined to several neighboring villages, and it was difficult to spread to a larger scope. But now, more and more roads are cutting the rain forest, making people move to more towns, so that Ebola virus can find more hosts. However, in countries such as Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, the development of public health is far behind the rapid urbanization. Years of civil war and extreme poverty have left few hospitals and doctors in these countries. When Ebola patients are taken to the hospital, medical staff will be infected and die first. The expertise needed to fight the epidemic in these countries is even more scarce.

No one knows how Emil, a 2-year-old boy, contracted Ebola, but the virus that spread from him to his family continued to make waves on a larger scale, triggering the largest Ebola epidemic in history. More people died in this plague than all those who died in the previous Ebola outbreak.

The virus then spread to Conakry, Freetown and Monrovia, the capitals of Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. After a few months, there were no more Ebola patients in the hospital, and the patients were turned away or sent home to die. International health agencies are busy dealing with other epidemics such as influenza and polio, underestimating the extent of Ebola epidemic, and failing to provide help to West Africa that may slow down the epidemic. The governments of West African countries tried to isolate the affected cities and rural areas from their surroundings, but it didn’t play much role. The death toll soared, first 1000, then 2000, and then the number continued to increase.

Outside Africa, people know very little about Ebola, and their information mainly comes from literary works, such as the book Blood Epidemic: The Story of Ebola, which records a terrible virus attack, and movies such as Extreme Panic also make up many plots about the virus. Fear swept across the United States. A poll conducted in October 2014 showed that two-thirds of Americans were worried that the Ebola epidemic would spread to the United States, and 43% were worried that they were personally at risk of contracting Ebola. Rumors even say that Ebola virus can spread in the air. On October 23rd, it was reported that a doctor from new york who treated Ebola patients in Guinea returned to the United States and tested positive for Ebola virus. Before he developed symptoms, he had been to a bowling alley. Worried readers asked The New York Times if bowling could spread the virus. Reporter Donald McNeil Jr. quickly responded: "If someone leaves blood, vomit or feces on the bowling ball, the next person who touches the bowling ball will not even find these, and then touch his eyes, nose or mouth with his hand, which may be contagious." This is actually a euphemism, bowling can’t spread the virus.

Stills of Extreme Panic

Despite the public’s panic, the Ebola virus did not break out on a large scale in the United States. There are no other places. Nigeria used the public health measures used by Pio and others in other epidemics. As a result, the virus only caused 20 infections and 8 deaths before it died down. Senegal recorded a case without any death. Mali has also successfully controlled its epidemic. The reason why these countries have the upper hand in the confrontation with Ebola is that they have all been warned. On the contrary, the epidemics in Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone had spread silently before the outbreak, so they continued to be hit by the virus for a long time. In these three countries, the epidemic has expanded to an extent that cannot be easily controlled.

Epidemiologists watched anxiously as the number of infections soared, and they tried to predict how far the epidemic might develop. In September 2014, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention warned that there would be as many as 1.4 million Ebola cases by January 2015 without additional intervention.

Fortunately, some countries, including the United States, China and Cuba, began to send doctors and materials to African countries, and hospitals specifically for Ebola were built one after another. Public health workers also encourage people to bury Ebola patients in a safer way, so as to avoid being infected and dying themselves. Although the defense operation was carried out late and the measures were mild, by the end of November 2014, there was finally a turning point: the number of new cases in Liberia and Guinea began to decline. The following year, the epidemic quickly eased.

Although the Ebola epidemic has temporarily ended, it will not disappear forever. In September, 2014, ecologists and epidemiologists from Oxford University jointly published a research result, and made a detailed prediction on the location of Ebola outbreak in the future. They considered many kinds of animals that can carry the virus, as well as human settlements that overlap with the activities of these animals (such settlements are increasing). In their prediction, a total of 22 million people live in the Ebola risk zone. Although the probability that some of these 22 million people are actually infected with Ebola virus by animals is very low, once infected, the danger will be enormous.

04

SARS, MERS virus

Since the first discovery of Ebola virus, other viruses have also appeared. They have emerged from completely different places, which may be thousands of miles away from each other.

For example, in November 2002, a farmer from China came to the hospital with a high fever and died soon. Then, people in the same area appeared the same disease one after another, but at this time, the epidemic did not get worldwide attention until the disease infected an American. This man went to China to do business. On the plane flying back to Singapore from China, he suddenly started to have a fever. The plane stopped in Hanoi, and the businessman never left there alive. Although most cases are still concentrated in mainland China and Hongkong, people all over the world are getting sick. The death rate of this disease is as high as 10%, and it usually takes only a few days to kill people. This epidemic is brand-new in medical history, and it needs a new name. Doctors call it severe acute respiratory syndrome or SARS.

Structural diagram of SARS coronavirus

Based on the accumulated experience of HIV and Ebola virus, scientists suspect that SARS virus evolved from viruses that originally infected other animals. So they set out to analyze the viruses in animals that Chinese often came into contact with. Whenever a new virus was discovered, they added corresponding branches to the evolutionary tree of SARS. After a few months, scientists finally reconstructed the history of SARS.

The virus may have originated from bats in China, and one of them spread to civet cats, a mammal that looks like cats. Civet cats are common in the animal market in China. Humans may have become hosts in the process of buying and selling civets. It turns out that the biological characteristics of this virus just make them suitable for human-to-human transmission, and unlike Ebola virus, SARS virus can attach to tiny aerosol particles and spread in the air.

Although the SARS epidemic has spread beyond Asia, fortunately, public health measures to prevent the early epidemic of Ebola have also successfully subdued SARS. This epidemic has ravaged more than 8,000 people worldwide and killed more than 700 people. In comparison, the flu kills about 250,000 people every year-it can be said that we have successfully escaped a bullet fired by SARS at humans.

Ten years later, another coronavirus appeared in Saudi Arabia. In 2012, doctors in Saudi Arabia noticed that some patients suffered from respiratory diseases with unknown causes, and nearly one third of them died of illness. This disease is called MERS, which is short for "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome". Virologists isolated pathogenic viruses from patients and studied the genes of MERS virus. They used these genes to look for similar fragments in other species, and soon people’s eyes were fixed on bats in Africa.

However, how African bats became the fuse of the Middle East respiratory syndrome epidemic is still incredible. It was not until scientists studied the camel, a mammal on which people in the Middle East depend, that important new clues began to appear. They found that camels generally carry MERS virus. The virus is continuously released through camel nose secretions. A reasonable explanation for the origin of MERS is that bats may transmit the virus to camels in North Africa. Camel trade from North Africa to the Middle East is frequent, and a sick camel may have brought the virus to its new home.

Scientists have reconstructed the transmission history of MERS, and have every reason to worry that once MERS breaks out, the epidemic may be even more terrible than SARS. Every year, more than 2 million Muslims go to Saudi Arabia for the annual pilgrimage to mecca. It is not difficult to imagine that MERS virus will spread rapidly among dense people and then go to their homes around the world with pilgrims. Fortunately, so far, scientists’ fears have not come true. As of February 2015, 1,026 people were diagnosed with MERS, of which 376 died. Almost all cases occurred in Saudi Arabia, especially in hospitals. Perhaps MERS is best at attacking people whose immune system is weakened by illness. Unless MERS undergoes drastic evolution again, it may always be a dangerous but rare threat within hospitals in the Middle East.

If the epidemic doesn’t always come so unexpectedly (if we can make early warning of these emergencies), we can be better prepared and not caught off guard. However, the next time a virus is transferred from wild animals to human bodies, it is likely to trigger a large-scale epidemic, and we may know nothing about the pathogenic virus.

In order to make up for these cognitive loopholes, scientists are conducting more animal research to find the genetic material of the virus from their bodies. But we live on a veritable "virus planet", and the workload of scientists is huge. Among the new viruses they continue to discover, we don’t know which ones will cause plague, and it is even possible that these viruses will not pose a threat to human society. But that doesn’t mean we can just ignore them. On the contrary, we just need to be vigilant, so that we can take measures to stop them before they have a chance to enter our species.

This article is excerpted from

Virus planet

By Carl Zimmer

Translator: Liu Yang

Press: Guangxi Normal University Press

Publication date: April, 2019

Editor Barbarossa

Picture network

Knowledge | Thought | Reading Books and Literature | Interest

Original title: Popular Science: Five Viruses Carried by Animals and Global Disasters Caused by Them

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Pay attention to the safety of charging, and be wary of the charging treasure incarnation ＂charging explosion＂!

now

More and more electronic products

Filled with our lives.

But electronic products have been used for too long.

Or after breakage occurs.

Many people still choose to continue to use it

hardly realize

This is very dangerous.

The main reason of charging treasure explosion

01

Insufficient heat dissipation and high temperature radiation. When charging, placing it in quilt, box and other environments that are not conducive to heat dissipation, or placing the charging treasure in hot weather, hot box and other high-temperature areas may lead to the spontaneous combustion and explosion of the charging treasure.

02

Overcharge. Don’t rely too much on the overcharge protection of the charging treasure, and continue to plug in the charger when it is fully charged. This is actually very bad for the charging treasure, which will not only reduce the service life of the charging treasure, but also lead to the explosion of the charging treasure for a long time.

03

Inferior charging head Don’t buy a charger that charges the charging treasure. The quality of the inferior charger is not guaranteed. It may also cause the charging treasure to explode.

04

Falling, bumping, squeezing, etc., may cause internal parts dislocation, battery leakage and other conditions, which may lead to the explosion of charging treasure.

05

Bulging. When the appearance of the charging treasure bulges slightly, some people don’t take it seriously and think that it will not affect the charging and continue to use it. This practice is very wrong. The bulging shell of the charging treasure proves that it can no longer be used and must be thrown away immediately.

06

Frequent use, frequent use of charging treasure, charging charging treasure several times a day, will also reduce the life of charging treasure and cause the possibility of explosion.

Look at some cases.

Yichun, Jiangxi: thrilling! The charging treasure suddenly exploded.

At about 4: 30 pm on May 28, 2021, a rented house at No.6 Fenghuang, Gao ‘an City, Yichun, Jiangxi Province was filled with a lot of smoke. The fire spread from Simmons in the house to the whole bedroom. When firefighters arrived, they found that the original culprit was the charging treasure. After more than ten minutes, the open flame was extinguished and the bedroom was badly burned.

Guangzhou, Guangdong: charging treasure changes to charging "explosion"

At about 18: 00 on January 3, 2021, on a bus in Guangzhou, a man wearing a school uniform suddenly threw the schoolbag out of his arms. When an item was poured out of the schoolbag, it crackled like fireworks, and then the smoke filled the whole carriage, and the strong irritating plastic burning smell of smoke increased. After the conductor found the danger, he immediately asked the students to put their backpacks outside the car and evacuate the passengers. The conductor used up two bottles of fire extinguishers before the fire was put out.

The reason for the fire and smoke was actually the charging treasure. At that time, the boy was charging his mobile phone with the charging treasure. I didn’t expect it to suddenly catch fire and burn. Fortunately, no one was injured in time.

Airplane flight: Smoke! There is an open flame in the charging treasure

On February 25, 2018, the flight CZ3539 from Guangzhou to Shanghai Hongqiao, during the boarding process, a charging treasure carried by a boarding passenger smoked in the luggage rack and an open flame appeared. Fortunately, the crew cooperated with the fire and public security departments to deal with it in time without causing further damage.

Nanjing Agricultural University: Charging treasure explodes and burns!

At 9: 00 pm on September 19, 2020, a charging treasure in the girls’ dormitory of Nanjing Agricultural University Pukou Campus exploded and burned, mainly burning the mattress and daily necessities.

Changdu fire control reminds you

Charging treasure, charger, patch panel, etc.

Is a common charging device around us.

But due to quality problems or improper use

They will also become

The fuse of family fire

The following charging treasure user guide should be collected.

▼▼▼

Original title: "Pay attention to charging safety, be wary of charging treasure incarnation" charging explosion "! 》

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Novelty short video hidden security risks experts remind： parents and young children carefully imitate!

　　Recently, the news that "a girl imitated a short video to make popcorn with cans and died of severe burns" has made countless people feel sorry. In the past few days, the reporter found in the interview that short video social platforms such as Tik Tok are full of difficult movements and "big stomach king" challenges in order to attract eyeballs and attract traffic, and the novel content has attracted many young children and even parents to follow suit. In this regard, experts said that blindly imitating these video contents has great health and safety hazards and may even endanger life.

　　Video chaos

　　Difficult movements and "big stomach king" are very eye-catching

　　Parents carry their children to do flip and suspension activities, which may cause subluxation of their radial capitulum; On the other hand, children’s skin abrasions, soft tissue contusions and even fractures are caused by parents’ abandonment. Recently, doctors often encounter similar cases in the outpatient and emergency departments of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics. Surprisingly, some children were injured, which was actually caused by parents imitating difficult movements in short videos.

　　Parents and children stand face to face, and the children bend forward and extend their hands backward from their legs. Parents hold their children’s hands and turn them over 360 degrees, then hold them back in their arms … … The reporter found that in Tik Tok and other platforms, there are many short parent-child videos that are difficult to flip like this. Although some parents will put a cushion under their children in advance, the whole action still looks very thrilling. Earlier, it was reported that a foreign father imitated the difficult action of carrying his child to somersault in the vibrato video, and accidentally injured his two-year-old daughter, causing the child’s spinal cord damage.

　　In the short video, many people incarnate as "Spider-Man", supporting the walls on both sides with their limbs and crawling up and down without any protective measures. In a vibrato video, a four-or five-year-old boy climbed nearly 2 meters with his bare hands at the entrance of the living room.

　　In addition to dangerous actions, there is also a short video of the "big stomach king" challenge, which is highly sought after by the public. In this kind of video, the protagonist usually attracts attention by eating, and sometimes he will cooperate with the merchants to promise rewards. It is similar to "Eating a big hamburger weighing 4 kg in 20 minutes is free of charge" and "Challenge 30 sets of fat cows to win 2000 yuan in 30 minutes".

　　A delicious food named "Langweixian" is very popular in Tik Tok from the media. He has more than 30 million fans, most of whom are young people, including many primary and secondary school students. "Langweixian" not only has an amazing appetite, but also eats very fast. In his top video, it took him only 10 seconds to finish a 1.25-liter Coca-Cola. The comments are full of "awesome" and "awesome", and some young people also say "I can do this", and some people are eager to inquire about the restaurant address.

　　So, are those "big eaters" in Tik Tok true or false? Some professionals have analyzed that some big stomach kings can really eat, but after eating, they often "digest" food by vomiting. Some people will take advantage of people’s visual errors, and it seems that there are many dishes in front of them, but in fact the bowls are very small, or some videos are simply edited after being shot several times.

　　Doctor’s point of view

　　Dangerous actions can cause permanent injury.

　　"Some actions in the short video are very dangerous!" Ren Gang, an attending physician in orthopedics at the Children’s Hospital affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, said that once problems occur, soft tissue contusion, ligament rupture, tear and fracture are easy to occur; Seriously, it may also cause spinal fracture and even spinal cord injury. For example, some parents carry their children to do forward somersaults and back somersaults. If they accidentally get rid of them, their children will land on their heads first, and it is easy to have cervical dislocation or even fracture.

　　"The spinal cord is in the middle of the vertebral canal, and the cervical vertebra protects the spinal cord like a tube-like sleeve." Ren Gang said, "When the vertebral body is misaligned or excessively bent, it will cause damage to the spinal cord. Among them, slight spinal cord injury will cause spinal cord concussion, and patients may have temporary paralysis; Serious damage to the spinal cord can be irreversible and permanent, resulting in paralysis and even life-threatening.

　　In addition, when people imitate dangerous actions such as somersault and rotation, if they accidentally land their heads, it is likely to cause intracranial hemorrhage, which will be life-threatening.

　　Ren Gang said that teenagers and children are more vulnerable because they have not formed a complete awareness of safety protection. When they do some actions, they can’t judge what potential dangers need to be guarded against. He reminded parents that they must strengthen their safety awareness and educate their children to identify dangers, and never imitate dangerous actions popular in short videos.

　　Will the extreme diet challenge do harm to human health? The answer is yes, and the first ones are acute gastroenteritis and indigestion. Ning Huijuan, deputy chief physician of the Department of Gastroenterology of the First Children’s Institute, said that after food enters the stomach, it is fully mixed with gastric juice, and protein will be partially decomposed by pepsin in the stomach. If food enters the stomach too quickly and too much, there will be indigestion caused by relatively insufficient gastric juice. In addition, gastric juice contains high concentration of gastric acid, which can kill the bacteria that enter the stomach with food and water. If you eat too fast, the bacteria cannot be completely killed, and there will be symptoms of acute gastroenteritis such as fever, vomiting and diarrhea, and even lead to gastric bleeding.

　　Moreover, overeating, especially eating too much greasy food at one time, can stimulate excessive secretion of pancreatic juice, make the pancreas digest itself, and cause the attack of acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis may cause severe abdominal pain, and severe pancreatitis may also cause shock and even multiple organ failure, with a mortality rate as high as 5%. "It is particularly important to note that the development of gastric smooth muscle in children is not perfect. Eating a lot will suddenly overfill the stomach, cause gastric dilatation, continue to develop the disease, and also cause gastric ulcer and gastric perforation." Ning Huijuan said.

　　Lawyer reminds

　　Minors who are injured after imitation are responsible for uploading and broadcasting.

　　Talking about the legal issues of dangerous behaviors in short video platforms such as Tik Tok, Zhang Guang, a consultant from deheng law offices, said that at present, minors can browse related video content as visitors on some short video platforms without registering their identity information. Because minors are immature and lack the ability of self-discrimination, they are likely to imitate and learn when watching videos. Then, once they do harm to their health, both video uploaders and Internet platforms may have to bear certain legal responsibilities.

　　First of all, the producers who upload short videos such as dangerous actions and extreme challenges are very likely to cause injuries to themselves and others, and even be suspected of spreading criminal methods, especially the viewers of some videos are minors. According to Article 29 of the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, no one may instigate, coerce or induce minors to commit the bad behaviors stipulated in this law, or provide conditions for minors to commit bad behaviors. Therefore, the producers of short videos should bear legal responsibility for the behaviors and contents in the videos.

　　The Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency also stipulates that no unit or individual may provide contents and information that endanger the physical and mental health of minors by means of communication or computer network. Therefore, if the Internet platform neglects to review the short video content, it is very likely that there will be legal risks for the third party of the platform.

　　Zhang Guang suggested that the producers of relevant videos should strictly grasp the content of the videos. When dangerous behaviors are involved, they must make risk warnings in the videos, such as "Dangerous behaviors, please don’t imitate". Internet platforms should classify and manage videos. For example, when uploading videos, actors can click to select videos of dangerous behaviors and videos requiring risk warning, and when playing videos, they should automatically "barrage" risk warning. (Reporter Liu Huan)